不同灌溉方式下养分配置对小麦、玉米产量和水分利用的影响  

Effects of Nutrient Allocation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat and Maize under Different Irrigation Methods

作　　者：潘晓莹[1,2] 武继承 杨永辉[1,2] 高翠民 张洁梅[1,2] 王越 何方[1,2] PAN Xiaoying;WU Jicheng;YANG Yonghui;GAO Cuimin;ZHANG Jiemei;WANG Yue;HE Fang(Institute of Plant Nutrition&Resource Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use,Ministry of Agriculture,Yuanyang 453514,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测实验站,河南原阳453514

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第3期17-23,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301102);河南省重点研发与推广专项(182102110060);商品粮大省奖励资金项目(YNK20177518)。

摘　　要：为了寻求小麦、玉米生产的最佳水肥配置模式,在不同灌溉方式(喷灌、移动喷灌、小白龙)下设置8个不同养分配置[底施N34P6K8750 kg/hm2(T1)、底施N34P6K8750 kg/hm2+追施纯N 75 kg/hm2(T2)、底施N28P15K5750 kg/hm2(T3)、底施N28P15K5750 kg/hm2+追施纯N 75 kg/hm2(T4)、底施控释肥600 kg/hm2(T5)、底施控释肥600 kg/hm2+追施纯N 75 kg/hm2(T6)、底施N28P15K5375 kg/hm2+底施控释肥300 kg/hm2(T7)、底施N28P15K5375 kg/hm2+底施控释肥300 kg/hm2+追施纯N 75 kg/hm2(T8)],研究不同灌溉方式下养分配置对小麦、玉米产量及水分利用的影响.结果表明,与小白龙灌溉处理相比,移动喷灌和喷灌处理均可提高小麦株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量;喷灌处理小麦、玉米、小麦—玉米周年产量分别增加1.64%~14.04%、1.40%~6.89%、3.94%~10.07%,移动喷灌处理分别增加1.37%~12.88%、6.81%~16.47%、6.71%~11.21%;喷灌处理小麦、玉米、小麦—玉米周年灌水利用率分别提高0.26~2.03、0.19~0.90、0.57~1.27 kg/m3,移动喷灌处理分别提高0.21~1.96、0.82~2.08、0.91~1.63 kg/m3.喷灌和移动喷灌条件下,T8处理小麦产量高于其他处理;3种灌溉方式下,玉米及小麦—玉米周年产量均是T8处理高于其他处理.综合考虑,以移动喷灌结合底施N28P15K5375 kg/hm2+底施控释肥300 kg/hm2+追施纯N 75 kg/hm2处理节水增产效果最佳.In order to explore the best allocation of nutrient and water for wheat and maize,the effects of nutrient allocation[bottom application of N 34 P 6K 8750 kg/ha(T1),bottom application of N 34 P 6K 8750 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T2),bottom application of N 28 P 15 K 5750 kg/ha(T3),bottom application of N 28 P 15 K 5750 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T4),bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 600 kg/ha(T5),bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 600 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T6),bottom application of N 28 P 15 K 5375 kg/ha+bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 300 kg/ha(T7),bottom application of N 28 P 15 K 5375 kg/ha+bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 300 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T8)]on the annual yield and water use of wheat and maize were studied under different irrigation modes.The results showed that compared with the earthworm irrigation,mobile sprinkler irrigation and sprinkler irrigation could increase the plant height,spike length,spikelet number,grain number and 1000-grain weight of wheat and maize;the wheat,maize and wheat-maize annual yields of sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by 1.64%—14.04%,1.40%—6.89%and 3.94%—10.07%,mobile sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by 1.37%—12.88%,6.81%—16.47%and 6.71%—11.21%;irrigation use efficiency of wheat,maize and wheat-maize of sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by 0.26—2.03,0.19—0.90 kg/m 3 and 0.57—1.27 kg/m 3,and mobile irrigation treatment increased by 0.21—1.96,0.82—2.08 kg/m 3 and 0.91—1.63 kg/m 3;yields of wheat of T8 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under sprinkler irrigation and mobile sprinkler irrigation,maize and wheat-maize annual yields of T8 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under three irrigation methods.Overall,T8 treatment was the best under mobile sprinkler irrigation.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 灌溉方式 养分配置 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S513