休牧对无芒雀麦改良草甸草原牧草生长速率及现存量和营养品质的影响  

Effect of rest grazing on pasture growth rate,standing crop and herbage quality of meadow steppe improved with Bromus inermis

作　　者：张浩 蔡金宏 罗建川 杨高文[4] 刘楠[4] 任海彦 师尚礼[1] 张英俊 ZHANG Hao;CAI Jin-hong;LUO Jiairchuan;YANG Gao-wen;LIU Nan;REN Hai-yan;SHI Shang-li;ZHANG Ying-jun(College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Animal Science,Tibet Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,China;School of Life Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization.Ministry of Agriculture ami Rural AffairsiCollege of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Agnrgrassland Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]西藏农牧学院动物科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [3]中国科学技术大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [4]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院/农业农村部草地管理与合理利用重点实验室,北京100193 [5]南京农业大学草业学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2020年第1期1-10,共10页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(重点项目,31830092);国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-35)资助。

摘　　要：休牧是提高草地可持续利用的重要方式。采用"放入-取出"的放牧率调控技术,以持续放牧作为对照,研究了早期休牧(6月15~7月15日休牧)、中期休牧(7月15~8月15日休牧)和晚期休牧(8月15~9月15日休牧)对呼伦贝尔改良草甸草原牧草生长速率,现存量和可提供牧草营养品质的影响,以探究何时休牧能够提高牧草生长速率,现存量和营养品质。结果表明:(1)牧草生长速率和可提供牧草的营养成分在休牧处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),但早期和中期休牧的牧草现存量显著高于持续放牧(P<0.01);(2)2016年牧草生长速率和营养成分均极显著低于2015年和2017年(P<0.01);(3)年份和放牧时期的交互作用对牧草生长速率和营养成分有极显著地影响(P<0.01),且牧草生长速率在放牧期间的变化是造成牧草营养成分变化的主要原因。总体而言,早期和中期休牧有利于提高牧草现存量,但牧草的生长速率和营养品质不受休牧时期的影响。Rest grazing is an important grazing practice for improving the sustainable utilization of grassland.The impact of rest grazing on pasture growth rate,standing crop and herbage quality of meadow steppe improved with Bromus inermis was studied in Hulunbuir.By using"put and take stocking"method to regulate the stocking rate in experiment,the continuous grazing(control,CG)and 3 periodical rest grazing strategies,including rest grazing in early period(R1,no defoliation between 15 th Jun.and 15 th Jul.),rest grazing in middle period(R2,no defoliation between 15 th Jul.and 15 th Aug.)and rest grazing in late period(R3,no defoliation between 15 th Aug.and 15 th Sep.),were designed to explore the best rest grazing practice that could improve the pasture growth rate,standing crop and herbage quality.The results showed that 1)Grazing treatment had no significant influence on pasture growth rate and herbage quality(P>0.05),but compared with CG,R1 and R2 could significantly increase standing crop(P<0.01);2)Both pasture growth rate and herbage quality in 2016 were significantly(P<0.01)lower than those in 2015 and 2017;3)Both pasture growth rate and herbage quality were significantly affected by the interaction of year and period(P<0.01)and the variation of herbage quality was mainly caused by the pasture growth rate in grazing period.R1 and R2 benefited the standing crop,but the pasture growth rate and herbage quality was not affected by rest grazing period.

关 键 词：休牧 牧草现存量 牧草生长速率 牧草营养品质 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]