短期低氧抗阻训练对男子体操运动员有氧、无氧运动能力的影响  

Short-Term Resistance Training in Hypoxia on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Performance of Male Gymnasts

作　　者：贾钧[1] 王晨宇[1] JIA Jun;WANG Chen-yu(Research Center of Physical Health and Culture Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics,Zhengzhou 450015,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院体育健康与文化研究中心,河南郑州450015

出　　处：《广州体育学院学报》2020年第2期91-96,共6页Journal of Guangzhou Sport University

基　　金：河南省重点科技攻关项目(152102310117)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨低氧环境下进行4周循环抗阻训练(CRT)对男子体操运动员有氧、无氧运动能力的影响,为科学化训练提供理论支持。方法:16名男子体操运动员随机分为低氧训练(hypoxia training,HT)组和常氧训练(normoxia training,NT)组,每组n=8。NT组和HT组受试者分别于常氧和低氧(模拟3000 m高度)环境下进行4周CRT。实验前后利用递增负荷力竭实验(最大摄氧量、最大有氧功率等)测定有氧运动能力,利用运动场测试(300 m全力冲刺记时跑和300 m反复间歇跑测试)与实验室测试(股四头肌最大随意收缩、半蹲跳、下蹲跳和30 s Wingate实验)测定无氧运动能力,静脉取血测定血液学参数。结果:组内与实验前比较,实验后HT组300 m反复间歇跑完成次数、峰值LA含量(LApeak)、股四头肌最大随意收缩(MVC)、半蹲跳(SJ)、下蹲跳(CMJ)、峰值功率(PP)和平均功率(MP)显著性升高(P <0. 05),NT组LApeak、MVC、SJ、CMJ、PP和MP升高(P <0. 05);组间与NT组比较,实验后HT组300 m反复间歇跑完成次数、LApeak、MVC、SJ、CMJ、PP和MP升高(P <0. 05)。有氧运动能力参数和血液学参数在两组实验前后均无显著性变化(P> 0. 05)。CRT过程中的平均心率(HRmean)在HT组高于NT组(P <0. 05)。结论:低氧环境下进行CRT能够显著改善男子体操运动员无氧运动能力,其机制可能与耐乳酸能力增强有关,但对有氧运动能力无显著影响。Objective: To explore the effects of four weeks of circuit resistance training( CRT) in hypoxia on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance of male gymnasts in order to provide theoretic support for scientific exercise training. Methods: Sixteen male gymnasts were randomly divided into hypoxia training group( HT,n = 8) and normoxia training group( NT,n = 8).Subjects in NT group and those in HT group performed 4 weeks of CRT in normoxia or hypoxia( simulation of 3000 m altitude)environment respectively. Before and after experiment,aerobic exercise performance was evaluated by graded exhausted exercise test( maximal oxygen uptake,maximal aerobic power,etc.) while anaerobic exercise performance by sports ground test( 300 m"all-out"test on a track and 300 m repeated interval running test) and laboratory test( maximal voluntary contraction of quadriceps femoris,squat jump,counter-movement jump and 30 s Wingate test),venous blood was drawn for hematological parameters. Results: Compared with pre-test within-group,total number of sets of 300 m repeated interval running test,peak lactic acid( LApeak),maximal voluntary contraction( MVC) of quadriceps femoris,squat jump( SJ),counter-movement jump( CMJ),peak power( PP) and mean power( MP) increased( P < 0. 05) in HT group and LApeak,MVC,SJ,CMJ,PP and MP also raised( P < 0. 05) in NT group after experiment;compared with NT group post-test,total number of sets of 300 m repeated interval running test,LApeak,MVC,SJ,CMJ,PP and MP were higher( P < 0. 05) in HT group.Aerobic exercise performance and hematological parameters did not show statistically significant differences( P > 0. 05). However,CST in HT group showed a higher mean heart rate( HRmean) than NT group( P < 0. 05). Conclusion: A CST in hypoxia conditions could improve anaerobic performance by enhancement of tolerance to lactic acid with no influence on aerobic performance in male gymnasts.

关 键 词：低氧训练 循环抗阻训练 体操运动员 无氧运动能力 乳酸 

分 类 号：G804.27[文化科学—运动人体科学]