青海省6种禾本科牧草的抗寒性研究及综合评价  

Cold Hardiness Research and Comprehensive Evaluation of Six Grasses in Qinghai Province

作　　者：李京蓉[1,2] 马真[1,3] 张骞 刘泽华 张春辉[3] 乔安海 邓艳芳[4] 王文颖[2] 邵新庆[5] 姚步青[1] 黄小涛[1] 周华坤 LI Jing-rong;MA Zhen;ZHANG Qian;LIU Ze-hua;ZHANG Chun-hui;QIAO An-hai;DENG Yan-fang;WANG Wen-ying;SHAO Xin-qing;YAO Bu-qing;HUANG Xiao-tao;ZHOU Hua-kun(Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology,Qinghai Province,Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;Qinghai Normal University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;The Co-constructing State Key Laboratory of Three Rivers Sources Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China;Qinghai Province Prairie terminus,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [2]青海师范大学,青海西宁810008 [3]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [4]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810001 [5]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193

出　　处：《草地学报》2020年第2期405-411,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501901);国家自然科学基金项目(31702163,31600335,31860668);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036,KFJ-STS-ZDTP-056-2);中科院先导专项(XDA2005010405);青海省创新平台建设专项(2017-ZJ-Y20);青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2019-ZJ-908);青海省自然科学基金基础研究项目(2020-ZJ-733);青海省重点研发与转化计划(2016-NK-A7-BA-02;2018-SF-136);(2017)年度青海三江源生态保护和建设二期工程科研和推广项目(编号:2017-S-1);青海三江源生态保护和建设二期工程科研和推广项目(2017-S-1-04);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);西部之光(2018)“放牧对青海湖流域草地生产力影响的定量研究”资助。

摘　　要：为筛选出抗寒性强的牧草种质资源,本试验以同德贫花鹅观草(Roegneria pauciflora Tongde)、草原看麦娘(Alopecurus pratensis)、大颖草(Roegneria grandiglumis)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、同德短芒披碱草(Elymus breviaristatus Tongde)为研究材料,对不同温度下6种牧草的萌发率进行了研究,并对这6种牧草苗期进行了抗寒锻炼、冷冻及解冻恢复生长处理,分析了不同处理阶段牧草中的丙二醛、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,而且采用隶属函数对6种牧草进行了抗寒性综合评价。结果表明:不同处理下,同种牧草的萌发率差异显著(P<0.05);6种牧草的丙二醛含量在抗寒锻炼后显著增加,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量在抗寒锻炼和冷冻处理后升高,返青后降低;6种牧草的抗寒性依次为无芒雀麦>草原看麦娘>同德贫花鹅观草>同德短芒披碱草>扁穗冰草>大颖草。本研究为退化高寒草地恢复的物种选取提供了一定的理论依据。In order to select forage resources with strong cold resistance,the experiment was carried out with Roegneria pauciflora Tongde,Alopecurus pratensis,Roegneria grandiglumis,Bromus inermis,Agropyron cristatum,Elymus breviaristatus Tongde as the research material.The germination rate of forage seeds under different temperature treatments was studied.Under the condition of artificial temperature control,cold acclimation,freezing treatment and reviving was performed on the grass at seedling stage.The contents of MDA,soluble sugar and proline in six forages at these stages were determined.The results showed that the content of MDA increased significantly after cold resistance training,the contents of soluble sugar and proline increased after cold resistance training and freezing treatment,and decreased after returning to green.The membership function method was used to evaluate the cold resistance,the order of the coldness is:Bromus inermis>Alopecurus pratensis>Roegneria pauciflora Tongde>Elymus breviaristatus Tongde>Agropyron cristatum>Roegneria grandiglumis.This study provides a theoretical basis for species selection in the restoration of degraded alpine grassland.

关 键 词：禾本科牧草 抗寒性 萌发率 丙二醛 可溶性糖 脯氨酸 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]