俄罗斯对叙利亚政策中的东正教因素  

Orthodox Factor in Russia’s Syrian Policy

作　　者：魏熊生 汪宁 Wei Xiongsheng;Wang Ning

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学俄罗斯东欧中亚学院 [2]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院 [3]上海外国语大学俄罗斯研究中心

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2020年第1期63-88,共26页Russian Studies

基　　金：上海市社科基金一般项目“俄罗斯对中亚国家的东正教外交研究”(项目批准号:2017BGJ003)的阶段性研究成果;上海外国语大学导师学术引领计划项目“东正教在俄罗斯文化外交战略中的作用”(项目编号:201601036)的研究成果。

摘　　要：俄罗斯在叙利亚乱局中的表现,近期再次成为国际热点。自2011年介入不断升级的叙利亚危机以来,俄罗斯目前已经成为主导叙政治进程的主要外部力量。在俄罗斯此次应对叙利亚危机的外交中,东正教因素起到了重要作用。早在帝国时期,俄国就持续介入叙利亚事务。俄罗斯与叙利亚自古以来的东正教文化交往,影响着沙俄对安提阿教会和叙利亚东正教徒的情感,成为沙俄加入中东大国角逐的突破口。此次介入叙利亚危机,是历史的延续。俄罗斯东正教会领导人的公开发言、其附属机构在国际组织对叙基督徒问题的宣传以及提供人道援助,起到了公共外交的效果,一定程度上使俄罗斯的介入和军事行动合法化,获得了俄罗斯国内外民众的理解与支持。东正教因素的上述多重影响,是俄罗斯介入此次叙利亚危机、并成功实现其外交策略和目标的重要因素之一。Recently Russia’s performance in the chaos in Syria has again become an international hot spot. Since its involvement in the escalating Syrian crisis in 2011, Russia has now become a major external force dominating the Syrian political process. The Orthodox factor has played an important role in Russia’s diplomacy in response to the Syrian crisis. Actually, early as an empire, Russia has been continuously involved in Syrian affairs. The Russian-Syrian Orthodox cultural exchanges since ancient times have influenced Tsarist sentiments towards the Antioch Church and Syrian Orthodox Christians, which then have become a breakthrough for Tsarist Russia’s participation in rivalry with great powers in the Middle East. Now Russia’s involvement in the Syrian crisis is just a continuation of history. Public statements of Russian Orthodox Church leaders, the advocacy of its subsidiary bodies regarding the issue of Syrian Christians in international organizations, in addition to their provision of humanitarian assistance have all played a role as public diplomacy. They, to some extent, have legalized Russian intervention and military operations, helping to win understanding and support both at home and abroad. The abovementioned multiple influences of the Orthodox Church constitute one of the important factors for Russia’s intervention in the Syrian crisis and successful achievement in its diplomatic strategies and goals.

关 键 词：俄罗斯东正教 俄罗斯叙利亚关系 叙利亚内战 俄罗斯软实力 

分 类 号：D815.4[政治法律—国际关系]