晚清公局与州县行政变革——以巴县为例  

Public Administration Bureaus and Administrative Reform of Districts and Counties in Late Qing Dynasty:the Case of Baxian

作　　者：梁勇[1] Liang Yong

机构地区：[1]厦门大学人文学院历史系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中国高校社会科学》2020年第2期135-146,160,共13页Social Sciences in Chinese Higher Education Institutions

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“‘湖广填四川’移民墓葬碑刻数据库建设及其乡村社会研究”(17ZDA188)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公局是嘉庆以后在州县大量设置,以办理不在传统州县行政体制内的政务、地方公务及洋务的机构。清代四川州县公局的兴起与地方办理军需、流差及财政经费短缺有密切关系。公局的运行经费主要来自地方税收加派留存或其他公局的转移支付。相较于衙门书差行政经费不足的境况,公局经费相对充足,甚至补贴衙门短缺的行政经费。晚清州县公局体系的形成,表明既有以知县为首的衙门行政体系已不能完全适应嘉庆以后州县行政事务不断增加的状况,在一定程度上有助于清政府对地方的控制,也为后来州县新政改革打下一定基础,是传统中国州县行政体制改革的结果。In the Qing Dynasty, the rise of the district and county bureaus in Sichuan was closely related to the local military supplies, the flow gap and the shortage of financial funds. The formation of the system of district and county administration in the late Qing Dynasty shows that the Yamen administrative system headed by Zhixian could not fully adapt to the increasing state of county and county administrative affairs after Jiaqing Dynasty, to a certain extent, it is helpful for the Qing government to control the local government,and lay a foundation for the later reform of the new policies of the district and county, which is the result of the reform of the traditional administrative system of the district and county in China.

关 键 词：公局 行政变革 晚清州县 巴县档案 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]