河南省炭疽流行特征回顾性分析  

Retrospective analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Henan Province

作　　者：郭万申[1] 孙建伟[1] 吕家锐[1] 苏佳[1] 张白帆[1] 李幸乐[1] 黄学勇[1] GUO Wanshen;SUN Jianwei;LYU Jiarui;SU Jia;ZHANG Baifan;LI Xingle;HUANG Xueyong(Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou 450016)

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,郑州450016

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（医学版）》2020年第2期275-278,共4页Journal of Zhengzhou University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81573204);河南省杰出青年项目(164100510008)。

摘　　要：目的:总结和分析河南省炭疽疫情概况及流行特征,为炭疽监测与防控工作提供科学依据。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对河南省1956~2018年炭疽疫情数据资料进行分析。结果:1956~2018年河南省共报告人间炭疽6558例,均为皮肤炭疽,年均发病率0.21/10万;死亡258例,病死率3.93%。流行高峰出现在1957年,1960年代初和年代末又各有一次流行高峰,之后疫情总体呈现下降趋势。炭疽病例主要分布在南阳、新乡、洛阳、许昌、开封5个地区,占全省病例的89.60%。乡村发病率高于城市,盆地和山区炭疽发病率较高。炭疽病例以青壮年为多,男性多于女性。发病集中在6~9月,其中8月是流行高峰。牛、羊、猪、马等家畜是人间炭疽的传染源。病例潜伏期2~9 d,平均5 d。结论:河南省1950~1980年代是炭疽流行期,盆地及山区的农村地区是主要流行地区。Aim:To analyze the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Henan Province,in order to provide evidence for the prevention and control of anthrax.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed based on the epidemic data of anthrax from 1956 to 2018 in Henan Province.Results:A total of 6558 anthrax cases were reported from 1956 to 2018 in Henan Province,all of which were skin anthrax,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.21/100000;258 deaths with a fatality rate of 3.93%.The epidemic peak appeared in 1957,the early 1960s and late 1960s,and after that the epidemic generally showed a downward trend.The cases were mainly distributed in Nanyang,Xinxiang,Luoyang,Xuchang and Kaifeng,accounting for 89.60%of the total cases in the province.The incidence of anthrax in rural areas was higher than that in urban area;the incidence of anthrax in basins and mountains was higher.There were more cases of young adults and more men than women.The incidence was concentrated from June to September,of which August was the peak.Cattle,sheep,pigs,horses and other livestock were the source of human anthrax infection.The incubation period of anthrax was 2~9 days,and the average was 5 days.Conclusion:Human anthrax was epidemic in Henan Province from the 1950s to the 1980s,and the rural areas in basins and mountainous areas were the main epidemic areas.

关 键 词：炭疽 流行特征 回顾性分析 河南省 

分 类 号：R184.3[医药卫生—流行病学]