青海省樱桃叶斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定  

Isolation and identification of the pathogen causing leaf spot on cherry in Qinghai province

作　　者：刘俏 宁楠楠 马永强 郭青云 LIU Qiao;NING Nannan;MA Yongqiang;GUO Qingyun(Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Biotechnology (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室,农业农村部西宁作物有害生物科学观测实验站,青藏高原生物技术教育部重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《植物保护》2020年第2期48-55,71,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：农业部“948”项目(2015-Z71);青海省科技厅科技合作专项(2017-HZ-815);国家外专局成果示范项目(GS20190144001)。

摘　　要：为明确引起青海省樱桃叶斑病病原菌的种类,本研究从西宁市城北区、海东市乐都区和贵德县的樱桃上采集有叶斑症状的叶片,采用组织分离法分离出病原菌,通过观察病原菌的形态特征,结合rDNA-ITS、EF-1α和Alt a 1基因序列分析对病原菌的种类进行了鉴定,并用柯赫氏法则进行验证。结果表明,共获得279株病原菌菌株,分属链格孢Alternaria alternata、细极链格孢A.tenuissima和刺盘孢属Colletotrichum spp.,分离频率分别为84.95%、5.02%和10.03%。采用柯赫氏法则进行离体叶片致病性测定,接种叶片100%发病,说明引起青海省樱桃叶斑病的病原菌为链格孢、细极链格孢和刺盘孢属真菌,且链格孢为主要病原菌。该研究结果可为青海省樱桃叶斑病的综合防治提供理论依据。In order to confirm the pathogen of cherry leaf spot in Qinghai province,the typical diseased cherry leaves were collected from Chengbei district of Xining city,Ledu district and Guide county of Haidong city.The pathogen was isolated by tissue separation method and identified by morphological observation and sequence analysis of rDNA-ITS,EF-1αand Alt a 1 genes.The pathogenicity of the strains were tested by Koch’s postulates.The results showed that 279 strains were obtained,belonging to Alternaria alternata,A.tenuissima and Colletotrichum spp.,with the isolation frequencies of 84.95%,5.02%and 10.03%,respectively.Koch’s postulates test demonstrated that 100%incidence was found on the inoculated leaves,indicating that the pathogens causing cherry leaf spot disease in Qinghai province are A.alternata,A.tenuissima and Colletotrichum spp.,and A.alternaria is the main pathogen.The results provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of cherry leaf spot in Qinghai province.

关 键 词：樱桃 叶斑病 链格孢属 刺盘孢属 ALT a 1基因 系统发育 

分 类 号：S436.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]