水土保持效益评价方法研究进展  

Advances in evaluation methods of soil and water conservation benefits in China

作　　者：潘希 罗伟[2] 段兴武 钟荣华 李宇翔 PAN Xi;LUO Wei;DUAN Xingwu;ZHONG Ronghua;LI Yuxiang(Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yunnan University,Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security,Yunnan University,650091,Kunming,China;Sichuan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,610041,Chengdu,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院/云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室,昆明650091 [2]四川省环境保护科学研究院,成都610041

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2020年第1期140-150,共11页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“高原山地坡式梯田生态系统服务权衡机制研究”(41867029);国家自然科学基金“元江干热河谷区景观演变的侵蚀产沙机制研究”(41561063);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)“横断山地水土作用失衡机制与灾害风险评价”(2015CB452704)。

摘　　要：中国水土保持效益评价方法经历了从单一措施评价到利用复杂模型开展综合效益评价的发展过程,方法体系已日趋完善;但因缺乏系统的梳理总结,在实践过程中,现有评价方法存在的问题也逐渐暴露。通过文献资料法对近20年水土保持效益研究成果的综述和分析,分类归纳水土保持效益评价方法的缺点及适用范围,并对水土保持评价进行展望。基于关键词“水土保持”和“效益评价”查阅到相关文献892篇,筛选出33篇核心文献,着重阐述当前最常用的灰色关联度分析法、国标法和综合评价法等评价方法及其优缺点。研究表明,当前的评价方法缺乏普遍适用性,且评价的时间和空间尺度受限。未来应依靠计算机技术和人工智能,将理论与多种方法进行融合和建模,探索水土保持效益评估的新方法;同时,建议相关部门组织针对全国不同水土流失防治区编写通用水土保持效益评价方法的准则规范以支持水保事业的发展。[Background]China is among the countries that suffer most serious soil erosion in the world.During the process of soil erosion control,various methods were developed to evaluate the benefits of soil and water conservation measures.However,it is difficult to select a method from so many for specific context due to lack of a systemic summary of the evaluation methods to clarify and compare the advantages and scope of application of existing methods.[Methods]Based on literature survey,we summarized the characteristics,strengths and weaknesses and scope of application of the existing evaluation methods.The information of the methods was collected from 33 core papers out of 892 papers published in Chinese in the past 20 years with the keywords of“soil and water conservation”and“benefits evaluation”.[Results]Eleven methods were widely used to evaluate the benefits of soil and water conservation at present,including empirical evaluation method,BP artificial neural network method,genetic algorithm,double-set assessment indexes system method,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,grey correlation analysis method,TOPSIS method,ontology knowledge base method,matter-element extension model,weighted summation formula method,and comprehensive evaluation methods.There are different scopes of application for different methods according to their characteristics,advantages and limitations.Weighted summation method is mainly suitable for evaluation in large-scale region or watershed as it has no requirements on the number of indicators and takes the relationships among the indicators into consideration.Genetic algorithm and TOPSIS method are more suitable for comparison of benefits among different soil and water conservation measures and measures selection;because these two methods could be used to calculate the optimal solution for the benefits obtained from different soil and water conservation measures.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and grey correlation analysis are suitable for areas with complex environments wher

关 键 词：水土保持 效益评价 文献资料法 方法适用性 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]