霍乱、面包与谣言--论1832年巴黎的拾荒者骚乱  

Cholera,Bread and Rumors: on the Ragpickers’ Revolt in Paris in 1832

作　　者：乐启良[1] Le Qiliang

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史学系,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2020年第3期98-108,282,共12页Social Science Front

摘　　要：第一次全球性的霍乱危机肆虐巴黎长达半年之久,导致法国首都死亡多达18 402人。为了防止霍乱疫情的扩大,巴黎警察局领导开展了一场如火如荼的卫生运动,积极推动环卫承包制度的改革,要求更为迅速、更彻底地清理城市的生活垃圾,并由此和拾荒者产生了严重的利益冲突,致使后者发动骚乱。在骚乱期间,怀疑霍乱的存在并有人投毒的谣言纷纷四起,而且引发了不少袭击甚至虐杀无辜者的暴力事件。尽管拾荒者的骚乱和谣言危机只持续了一周左右,却淋漓尽致地呈现出路易-菲利普政府主导的卫生运动和最底层民众的生存问题之间存在的巨大张力。某种意义上,七月王朝在处理霍乱危机时所表现的无能强化了大革命以来法国社会陷入膏肓的印象,促进了共和主义与社会主义等激进思潮的传播。The first global crisis of cholera lasted more than six months in Paris,which claimed 18,402 people’s life. In order to clear the city quickly,Paris Police initiated a massive sanitary campaign and urged to use new cleaning vehicles,which,as a result,brought about ragpickers’ revolt as their interests were seriously threatened. During the event,rumors of poisoning were so popular that many violent attacks occurred,even causing several innocent people’s death. The revolt,though existed only for a week,demonstrated the big tensions between the sanitary movement on the government of Louis-Philippe and the low classes. In a sense,the ineptitude with which the July Monarchy dealt with the cholera crisis reinforced the impression of the French society’s inevitable decadence,and thus promoted the spread of radicalisms such as republicanism and socialism.

关 键 词：霍乱 巴黎 拾荒者 骚乱 谣言 

分 类 号：K565.41[历史地理—历史学]