黄土高塬沟壑区综合治理试验示范成果评述与高质量发展研究展望——以陕西省长武县王东沟小流域30a多治理实践为例  

A Review on Experiment and Demonstration Effects of Comprehensive Management and Research Perspectives on Regional High-quality Development in Highland Region of Loess Plateau-A Case Study on Management Practices for More than 30 Years at Wangdonggou Small Watershed,Changwu County,Shaanxi Province

作　　者：郭胜利[1,2] 姬洪飞[1,2] 郝明德[1,2] 高长青 Guo Shengli;Ji Hongfei;Hao Mingde;Gao Changqing(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Dryland Wheat Breeding Center of Changwu County,Shaanxi Province,Changwu,Shaanxi 713600,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省长武县旱作小麦育种试验中心,陕西长武713600

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2020年第1期318-324,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“褐土区氮磷淋溶的阻控机制与措施研究”(2016YFD0800105)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究黄土高塬沟壑区典型小流域综合治理的成效以及生态文明建设时期面临的问题,旨在为该区域高质量发展提供理论支持和实践经验.[方法]以陕西省长武县王东沟小流域综合治理试验示范研究实践为例,基于1986年以来的监测和研究资料,总结分析了该流域30 a多来不同时段在生态环境、土地生产力和农民经济收入等方面的变化.[结果]王东沟小流域综合治理过程存在明显的阶段性.①综合治理阶段(1986-1995).以提高土地生产力为突破口,重点提高粮食产量和人均经济收入.同时从塬面到沟道综合整治水土流失,合理开发利用土地.②生态保护阶段(1996-2005).更新与升级粮果管理措施,保护和改善生态环境,进一步稳定和提高了土地生产力.③高质量发展试验示范研究阶段(2006-2019).以王东沟小流域为试点,从发展绿色高效技术的角度进行研究和示范,探索适合小流域内涵式高质量绿色发展的技术体系,为黄土高塬沟壑区的高质量发展奠定基础.[结论]为实现黄土高塬沟壑区的高质量发展,必须在生态文明理念指引下,重点研究流域生态管理和技术创新体制和机制建设,在总体控制水土流失基础上,保障人居环境的生态性,社会经济系统发展的可持续性以及流域生态系统结构和功能的和谐与完整性.[Objective]The achievements of the comprehensive management and current issues of small watersheds in the highland region of Loess Plateau were evaluated in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical evidence for high-quality development during the new era of ecological civilization.[Methods]With Wangdonggou small watershed in Changwu County,Shaanxi Province as a study area,the changes in ecological,land productivity,and economic aspects using monitoring data since 1986 at the small watershed,and research findings at different phase during 30-years in the highland region were summarized and analyzed.[Results]There were significantly periodic and phrasal changes of the small watershed during the comprehensive management process.①Comprehensive management phase(1986—1995):Taking enhancing land productivity as a breakthrough,it was emphasized to increase food production and per capita income.Simultaneously,the comprehensive management of soil and water loss was carried out from tablelands to gullies,and the land was exploited rationally.②Ecological protection phase(1996—2005):The management of food production and apple industry was updated and upgraded.The ecological environment were protected and improved,then land productivity at the small watershed were further stabilized and improved.③High quality development demonstration phase(2006—2019):Wangdonggou watershed was took as a pilot project with studying and demonstrating from the perspective of the development of green and efficient technologies,to explore the technology system suitable for the concentric and high-quality green development of small watershed,thus laying a foundation for the high-quality development of the highland region.[Conclusions]Guided by the concept of ecological civilization,ecological management of watershed and development of technological innovation system must be addressed to realize high-quality development in the region.The ecological quality of human settlements,socio-economic sustainable development,and the harmo

关 键 词：黄土高塬沟壑区 水土流失 小流域综合治理 高质量发展 生态文明 王东沟小流域 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] X321[农业科学—农业基础科学]