农地侵权行为解析及其责任适用  

Analysis on the China’s Rural Land Tort and the Application of Liabilities

作　　者：陈小君[1] Chen Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学土地法制研究院

出　　处：《东方法学》2020年第2期131-145,共15页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目“新时代中国特色土地管理法律制度完善研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA151)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国农地侵权频发且占农地纠纷相当比例。两个前提基础(把握农地范畴的法律内涵与外延、掌控农地权益的结构与边界)和三个向度特征(侵权客体显明的不动产性、侵权构成要素考量面向的政策性、关联农地侵权法律关系之错综复杂性),是系统界定农地侵权行为并阐释其特殊性的关键。类型化是体系化梳理农地侵权行为并提高司法机关应对农地侵权纠纷裁判质量的有效路径。以法律关系及其构成中关键要素为标准,可将农地侵权行为类型化为农地民事侵权行为和农地行政侵权行为。农地民事侵权行为可划分为主体加害型侵权行为、客体受损型侵权行为、违约性侵权行为;农地行政侵权行为可划分为因征收征用所生侵权行为、行政管理导致侵权行为、干预农地使用权侵权行为。不同类型侵权行为,其请求权基础或规范依据、归责原则、责任形态各有不同,可初步厘清其中一二,但仍亟待理论深化、实践梳理和立法完善。China’s agricultural land infringement is frequent and accounts for a considerable proportion of agricultural land disputes.Two premise foundations(the legal connotation and extension of the agricultural land category,the structure and boundary of agricultural land rights)and three dimensional characteristics(the object being the real property,the component factors being policy consideration,and the legal relationship involved being complicated)are the keys to systematically defining the torts of farmland and explaining their particularities.To be typified is an effective way to construct an open agricultural land tort system and improve the quality of judicial authorities in responding to agricultural land tort disputes.Taking the legal relationship and the key elements in its composition as standards,the types of torts in agricultural land can be classified into civil torts and administrative torts.The civil torts of agricultural land can be further divided into three categories:infringement of subject,tort against object,and tort arising from breach of contract.Administrative torts of agricultural land can be further divided into torts caused by acquisition,requisition and administrative.Different types of infringements have different claims or normative basis,imputation principles,and liability forms.One or two of them can be tentatively clarified,but the theory and practice need to be further refined.

关 键 词：土地侵权行为 农地侵权类型化 农地民事侵权行为 农地行政侵权行为 请求权基础 农地侵权裁判 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]