郑州市院前急救患者疾病谱分布与院前创伤流行病学调查  

Distribution of Disease Spectrum of Pre-hospital First Aid Patients and Epidemiological Investigation of Pre-hospital Trauma in Zhengzhou

作　　者：杨万广[1] 李德剑 崔宗朝 徐欣 徐翔宇 YANG Wan-guang;LI De-jian;CUI Zong-chao;XU Xin;XU Xiang-yu(Emergency Department,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院急诊科,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2020年第10期1736-1739,共4页Henan Medical Research

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划资助项目(201503051)。

摘　　要：目的了解目前郑州市院前疾病谱,分析郑州市区院前创伤患者的流行病学特点,为优化院前急救医疗资源的配置提供数据支持。方法收集2016年1月1日至2018年11月1日郑州市120紧急医疗救援中心统计的院前急救患者的资料,对院前创伤患者的性别、年龄、致伤原因、受伤时间分布、损伤部位进行回顾性分析,了解院前创伤患者的流行病学特点。结果最终纳入287 250例院前急救患者。院前急救患者的疾病谱前6位依次为创伤[41.938%(120 468/287 250)]、神经系统疾病[15.731%(45 186/287 250)]、循环系统疾病[9.508%(27 312/287 250)]、酒精中毒[6.957%(19 984/287 250)]、消化系统疾病[6.071%(17 439/287 250)]、呼吸系统疾病[5.660%(16 257/287 250)]。创伤患者男女人数比为2.021∶1。创伤高发人群为中青年,占71.600%(86 255/120 468)。创伤高发时间段分别为8:00~09:59,10:00~11:59,18:00~19:59,依次占11.800%(14 215/120 468)、11.700%(14 095/120 468)、11.400%(13 733/120 468)。致伤原因主要为交通事故[58.700%(70 715/120 468)],主要受伤部位是四肢[43.799%(52 764/120 468)]和头面颈部[39.299%(47 343/120 468)]。结论在郑州市院前急救患者中,创伤所占比例最大。创伤患者以中青年为主,男性多于女性,原因多为交通事故。急救中心要将急救资源主要配置在上下班高峰期,使医疗资源得到最合理的分配。Objective To understand the pre-hospital disease spectrum of Zhengzhou and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pre-hospital trauma patients in Zhengzhou to provide data support for optimizing the configuration of pre-hospital emergency medical resources.Methods The data of pre-hospital emergency patients collected from the 120 Emergency Medical Rescue Center of Zhengzhou from January 1, 2016 to November 1, 2018 were collected. The gender, age, cause of injury, time distribution and location of pre-hospital trauma patients were retrospectively analyzed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of pre-hospital trauma patients.Results Finally 287 250 pre-hospital emergency patients were included. The top six disease spectrum of pre-hospital emergency patients were trauma(41.938%, 120 468/287 250), neurological diseases(15.731%, 45 186/287 250), circulatory diseases(9.508%, 27 312/287 250), alcoholism(6.957%, 19 984/287 250), digestive diseases(6.071%, 17 439/287 250), and respiratory diseases(5.660%, 16 257/287 250). The ratio of male to female patients with trauma was 2.021∶1. The high-risk population was young and middle-aged people, accounting for 71.600%(86 255/120 468). The periods of high incidence of trauma were 8: 00 to 09: 59, 10: 00 to 11: 59 and 18: 00 to 19: 59 respectively, accounting for 11.800%(14 215/120 468), 11.700%(14 095/120 468) and 11.400%(13 733/120 468) respectively. The main cause of injuries was traffic accidents(58.700%, 70 715/120 468). The main parts of trauma were limbs(43.799%, 52 764/120 468), head, face and neck(39.299%, 47 343/120 468).Conclusion Among the pre-hospital emergency patients in Zhengzhou, the proportion of trauma is the largest. The trauma patients are mostly young and middle-aged, with more males than females. The cause of trauma is mostly traffic accidents. The emergency center should mainly allocate emergency resources to the peak of commuting. Medical resources are most reasonably distributed.

关 键 词：院前急救 疾病谱 创伤 流行病学 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学]