2019年世界主要国家油气及相关能源政策  

Oil & gas and other energy policies of major countries in 2019

作　　者：康煜[1] 谢薇[1] 陈建荣[1] 曾睿 KANG Yu;XIE Wei;CHEN Jianrong;ZENG Rui(CNPC Economics&Technology Research Institute;PetroChina Beijing Marketing Company)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团经济技术研究院 [2]中国石油天然气股份有限公司北京销售分公司

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2020年第2期61-67,共7页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：2019年,世界能源治理格局继续变革。美国不断加强对油气市场控制,同时通过制裁俄罗斯、伊朗、委内瑞拉,调军叙利亚,主导地缘政治冲突,降低传统资源国的市场控制力。俄罗斯着力加大油气开发力度,加快争夺天然气市场,保证在世界范围内增强能源外交的话语权和影响力。厄瓜多尔、卡塔尔等成员国宣布退出欧佩克,将进一步降低欧佩克的组织凝聚力。部分资源国进一步收紧油气财税政策。天然气和可再生能源成为资源国的发展重点。消费国继续推动能源转型,发展氢能源,设立减排目标,出台税收政策,绿色金融引导低碳节能消费,大力发展电力系统提高能源效率。2017年,特朗普宣布退出《巴黎协定》,引起了世界范围内的忧虑。但从这两年发展情况看,美国退出并未对全球能源清洁化转型产生根本影响,从高碳能源向低碳能源转型逐渐成为国际社会的共识和追求方向。The world energy governance landscape continued to change in 2019. The US has continuously strengthened its control over the oil & gas market and led the geopolitical conflict as well as reduced the market control of traditional resource countries through sanctions against Russia, Iran, Venezuela, relocated Syria. Russia has speed up the competition for the natural gas market to increase the power and influence of energy diplomacy worldwide. OPEC’s influence is gradually diminishing especially when Ecuador, Qatar and other member states announced their withdrawal from OPEC, which will further reduce OPEC’s organizational cohesion. Some resource countries further tightened their oil and gas fiscal taxation policies and natural gas and the renewable energy would become their development focuses. Consumer countries continue to drive the energy transition through developing hydrogen energy, establishing emission reduction targets, issuing tax policies, and facilitating the green finance to guide low-carbon energy-saving consumption, and vigorously develop the power system to improve energy efficiency. Trump’s announcement to withdraw from the Paris Agreement in 2017 has caused worrying around the world. However, the withdrawal of the United States has not had a fundamental impact on the global clean energy transition and the transition from high-carbon to low-carbon has become the consensus and pursuit of the international community from the development of the past two years.

关 键 词：能源政策 能源转型 可再生能源 绿色金融 巴黎协定 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]