矫正鞋垫的设计原理与生物力学功能  

Design principle and biomechanical function of orthopedic insoles

作　　者：张新语 邢新阳[2] 霍洪峰[1,3] Zhang Xinyu;Xing Xinyang;Huo Hongfeng(Physical Education College,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei Province,China;Hebei Sport University,Shijiazhuang 050041,Hebei Province,China;Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bioinformation,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学体育学院,河北省石家庄市050024 [2]河北体育学院,河北省石家庄市050041 [3]河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室,河北省石家庄市050024

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2020年第23期3744-3750,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(16275709),项目负责人:霍洪峰;河北省教育厅自然科学青年基金项目(QN2017343),项目负责人:霍洪峰;河北师范大学人文社会科学校内科研基金重点项目(S2017Z06),项目负责人:霍洪峰。

摘　　要：背景:足是人体运动系统的重要组成部分,足部疾病及损伤成为困扰人们的问题,矫正鞋垫能够有效治疗及预防足部疾病及损伤风险,已成为物理矫正的主要手段。目的:明确矫正鞋垫的设计原理,根据制作方式对矫正鞋垫进行分类,梳理矫正鞋垫对人体各关节相关疾病、儿童偏瘫及运动损伤的康复功能,探究当前矫正鞋垫的研究现状及不足,并对未来研究发展提出建议。方法:以“矫形鞋垫”“拇外翻、扁平足、高足弓、足底筋膜炎”“膝内翻、膝外翻、膝骨关节炎”“脊柱侧弯”“足踝损伤”“步态”“异常步态”“Orthopedic insoles”“Corrective effect”“Motion pattern characteristics”等作为关键词,在CNKI、万方、百链、百度文库、PubMed等数据库检索2005至2019年期间的相关文献,进行筛选、整理、归纳及总结分析。结果与结论:①矫正鞋垫的设计原理包括调整足底受力点,分散足底压力;支撑足弓,提高缓冲能力;改善下肢力线,提供稳定及支撑;改善本体感觉,提高足部舒适性4个方面;②矫正鞋垫按制作方式可分为预制型、半定制型和定制型3类;③矫正鞋垫在足踝、膝关节、脊柱畸形、儿童偏瘫型脑瘫、运动损伤方面能够起到有效的预防及康复功能;④矫正鞋垫在其应用领域及治疗效果上存在一定的局限性,在矫正鞋垫的研制与评价中,应考虑到人体运动过程中足型与鞋型的变化情况,体现“足鞋整合”的理念。可对矫正鞋垫不同形状、材质、硬度等,矫正鞋垫对损伤的预防、疾病的治疗、运动能力的提升效果,以及动态矫正鞋垫进行更加深入的研究。BACKGROUND:The foot is an important part of the human motor system.Foot diseases and injuries have become a troubling problem.Orthopedic insoles can effectively treat and prevent foot diseases and injuries and reduce the risk of injuries.It has become the main method of physical correction.OBJECTIVE:To clarify the design principles of orthopedic insoles,to classify orthopedic insoles according to the production methods,to sort out the rehabilitation function of orthopedic insoles to human joint-related diseases,children’s hemiplegia,and sports injuries,to explore the current research status and shortcomings of orthopedic insoles,and to make suggestions for future research and development.METHODS:A search of CNKI,WanFang,Baichain,Baidu Library,and PubMed was performed for relevant literature published from 2005 to 2019.Search terms were“Orthopedic insoles,”“valgus hallux,flat feet,high arch,plantar fasciitis,”“knee varus,knee valgus,knee osteoarthritis,”“scoliosis,”“foot and ankle injury,”“gait,”and“abnormal gaits”in Chinese and“Orthopedic insoles,Corrective effect,Motion pattern characteristics”in English.Included articles were screened,summarized and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The design principles of the insoles include four aspects:adjusting the force bearing point of the vola and dispersing plantar pressure;supporting the arch of the foot,improving cushioning ability;improving the force line of the lower limb,providing a stable support;improving proprioception and foot comfort.Orthopedic insoles can be divided into three types:prefabricated,semi-customized and customized.Orthopedic insoles can play an effective prevention and rehabilitation function in ankle,knee,spinal deformity,hemiplegia-type cerebral palsy in children,and sports injuries.Orthopedic insoles have certain limitations in clinical application and in therapeutic effects.In the development and evaluation of orthopedic insoles,the changes in foot shape and shoe shape during human movement should be considere

关 键 词：矫正 鞋垫 康复 足 代偿 矫正鞋垫 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R-1[医药卫生—临床医学]