生草栽培对龙眼果园土壤理化性质及产量的影响  

Effects of Sod Culture on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in Longan Orchards and the Yield of Longan

作　　者：钟兰军 ZHONG Lan-jun(Zhangwan Agricultural Technology Extension Station in Ningde of Fujian, Ningde, Fujian 352100, China)

机构地区：[1]福建省宁德市漳湾镇农业技术推广站,福建宁德352100

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2020年第2期57-62,共6页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2014J01382)。

摘　　要：在龙眼果园套作蔓花生、鼠茅草、百喜草、白三叶草以及自然生草,并以清耕为对照,研究不同生草栽培对龙眼果园理化性质及产量的影响。结果表明:与清耕相比,套种蔓花生、鼠茅草、百喜草、白三叶草可不同程度改善龙眼果园土壤理化性质,降低土壤pH值、电导率、氮磷含量,提升Ca、Mg含量,其中套种百喜草、蔓花生、白三叶草的龙眼果园土壤含水量提升10.86%~30.25%;此外,还可增加土壤微生物及土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)和微生物生物量磷(MBP)含量,提高磷酸二酯酶、氨肽酶、β葡萄糖苷酶含量;龙眼单果重、单穗粒数分别增加了5.47%~9.73%、8.45%~17.45%,龙眼单株产量各处理依次表现为白三叶草>鼠茅草>蔓花生>自然生草>百喜草>清耕。综合以上分析表明,套种蔓花生、鼠茅草、百喜草、白三叶草4种生草栽培相较清耕均可有效改善土壤理化性质、提高龙眼产量,以套作白三叶草的效果最佳。By interplanting Arachis duranensis,rattail fescue,Paspalum notatum Flugge,white clover and natural grass in longan orchards and taking the clean tillage as the control,the effects of different kinds of sod culture on the physical and chemical properties and yield of longan orchards were studied in this paper.The results showed that compared with the clean tillage,interplanting Arachis duranensis,rattail fescue,Paspalum notatum Flugge and white clover could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil in longan orchards to different degrees,reduce the pH value of soil,electrical conductivity and nitrogen and phosphorus content,and increase the content of Ca and Mg,among which the soil water content of longan orchards interplanted with Paspalum notatum Flugge,Arachis duranensis and white clover increased by 10.86%-30.25%.In addition,the contents of soil microorganisms and soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)were increased,and the contents of phosphodiesterase,aminopeptidase andβDGlucosidase were also increased.The single fruit weight and the grain number per panicle of longan increased by 5.47%-9.73%and 8.45%-17.45%,respectively.And the yield per plant of longan was white clover>rattail fescue>Arachis duranensis>natural grass>Paspalum notatum Flugge>clean tillage.Based on the above analysis,the results showed that compared with the clean tillage,the four kinds of sod culture including interplanting Arachis duranensis,rattail fescue,Paspalum notatum Flugge and white clover could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and increase the yield of longan,among which the best effect was achieved by interplanting white clover.

关 键 词：龙眼 生草栽培 土壤 理化性质 产量 

分 类 号：S667.2[农业科学—果树学]