适应多元居住需求的住房规划管理体系--日本住房制度变迁的启示  

Housing Planning and Management System Satisfying Multi-demand :Enlightenment of Housing System Evolution in Japan

作　　者：董晓颋 Dong Xiaoting

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院 [2]亚泰都会(北京)城市规划建筑园林设计研究院股份有限公司

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2020年第1期129-136,共8页Urban Planning International

摘　　要：目前我国住房的核心矛盾已经从供需不足转为供需不匹配,相应的制度亟待改革。本文参考经历过类似转变时期的日本,从完善法律体系、供给体系及规划实施体系三方面入手进行考察,探讨做什么、谁去做以及怎样做三个问题。首先,相对于管理,日本住房体制更关注保障居住权利,并通过法律法规明确各方责任,形成权力制约。其次,政府并不直接提供住房,而是鼓励多方合作,从刚性"管制"转为弹性"引导"。最后,通过完善的统计系统和监督体制、相对独立的住房规划体系、切实可行的居住质量和居住面积等指标体系来确保有效提供住房。日本所有的住房政策都明确地指向一个目标:解决不同人群的多元居住需求,并通过细致严谨的规划管理体系保障实施,这对于我国从居住需求角度出发改革住房制度具有很好的借鉴作用。Currently the main contradiction within China’s housing system is that the demand is not matched by supply, rather than housing supply shortage in the past,thus the system needs reform. This article takes Japanese housing system as a reference, presents the experience through three aspects: legal system, supplying system,as well as planning and implementation system,investigates what-to-do, who-does-it and how-to-do. First of all,Japanese housing system pays more attention to protect the right rather than the management to housing, distinguishes the responsibility and constrains the power by law. Secondly,the government does not focus on direct housing supply,but encourages multi-cooperation, adopts flexible guidance instead of the original rigid control. Finally, it ensures effective housing supply through comprehensive statistics and supervision system, independent housing planning, and implementable indicator system. The whole Japanese housing system closely follow the diversity demands of the people,and practices with the preciese planning system. It is a good reference for China on how to reform the housing system from the perspective of housing demand.

关 键 词：住房政策 住房规划 居住需求 居住标准 规划实施 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]