林型和微立地类型及其土壤性质对土壤抗侵蚀能力的影响  

Effects of Forest Type,Microsite Type and Soil Properties on Soil Erosion Resistance

作　　者：兰航宇 段文标[1] 陈立新[1] 曲美学 王亚飞 赵戈榕 LAN Hangyu;DUAN Wenbiao;CHEN Lixin;QU Meixue;WANG Yafei;ZHAO Gerong(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2020年第2期108-114,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670627,31270666)。

摘　　要：采用原状土冲刷水槽法和静水崩解法测定土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性,以云冷杉红松林(PA)和椴树红松林(TP)的林隙和郁闭林分为对照,分析了小兴安岭地区2种林型由掘根倒木形成的不同丘和坑微立地类型及其土壤性质对土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性的影响,旨在揭示它们与土壤抗侵蚀能力的关系。结果表明:在2种林型下由掘根倒木形成的丘和坑微立地上,土壤砂粒含量均较高,其抗侵蚀能力均较弱,而对照却相反;2种林型下丘和坑微立地的土壤容重均与土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性呈无显著的负相关(P>0.05),而PA对照的土壤容重与它们均呈不显著正相关(P>0.05),TP林隙的土壤容重与它们却呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),其郁闭林分的土壤容重与它们呈极显著负相关;2种林型下丘和坑微立地的土壤有机质均与土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性呈不显著正相关,而对照则呈极显著正相关;土壤抗侵蚀能力随着林型和微立地类型而变化,TP丘和坑微立地的土壤抗侵蚀能力不显著高于PA,而PA对照的土壤抗侵蚀能力却显著高于TP的对照。由此可知,丘和坑微立地的形成会造成土壤抗侵蚀能力大幅下降,导致土壤养分的流失,土壤黏粒含量减少,土壤恢复过程较为困难。Soil anti-scouribility and anti-erodibility were measured by undisturbed soil washing flume method and static water disintegration method.The gap and canopy stand of Picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest(PA)and Tilia amurensis-Pinus koraiensis forest(TP)were taken as contrasts to analyze the effects of different pit and mound microsites formed by uprooted trees and soil properties on soil anti-scouribility and anti-erodibility in Xiaoxing’an Mountains,and reveal the relationship between them.The results showed that in the pit and mound microsites of the two forests,the soil sand content was higher and the soil erosion resistance was weaker,but the trends were opposite in the contrast.There was no significant negative correlation between soil bulk density and soil anti-scouribility and anti-erodibility(P>0.05)in the two types of microsite of the two forests,while there was no significant positive correlation between soil bulk density and soil anti-scouribility and anti-erodibility in the gap of the PA(P>0.05).In the TP,the soil bulk density was extremely significantly positively correlated with soil anti-scouribility and anti-erodibility in the gap,while in the canopy stand,the soil bulk density was extremely significantly negatively correlated with them(P<0.01).There was no significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and soil erosion resistance in the two types of microsite,but there was an extremely significant positive correlation between them in the contrast stand.Soil erosion resistance varied with forest types and microsite types,the soil erosion resistance of TP pit and mound microsites was not significantly higher than that of PA.But the soil erosion resistance of PA contrast was significantly higher than that of TP contrast.It can be concluded that the formation ofpit and mound microsites would lead a significant decline in soil erosion resistance,resulting in the loss of soil nutrients,the reduction of soil clay content,and the process of soil restoration was diffi

关 键 词：土壤 抗侵蚀能力 丘坑微立地 土壤性质 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]