添加剂对不同还田深度秸秆腐解及周际土壤环境的影响  

Effects of Additives on Straw Decomposition and Its Surrounding Soil Environment Under Different Returning Depths

作　　者：曲晓晶[1] 孙大雁[1] 吴南[1] 张冲 张小峰 QU Xiaojing;SUN Dayan;WU Nan;ZHANG Chong;ZHANG Xiaofeng(Jilin City Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jilin,Jilin 132101;Jilin Agricultural Machinery Research Institute,Changchun 130022;Shanghai Chuangbo Ecological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201101)

机构地区：[1]吉林市农业科学院,吉林吉林132101 [2]吉林省农业机械研究院,长春130022 [3]上海创博土壤修复工程有限公司,上海201101

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2020年第2期261-268,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300205);农业部重点实验室开放基金项目(KLPN201801-03);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20170204018NY)。

摘　　要：探讨添加剂对秸秆腐解及其形成的土壤环境的影响,以明确促进秸秆腐解的同时,利于土壤固碳的添加剂最佳配方。以玉米秸秆为供试材料,进行了150天的田间原位埋袋腐解试验,对比研究3种类型添加剂(尿素、生物菌腐解剂和微量元素调理剂)对15,30cm还田秸秆腐解过程及其形成的土壤环境因素的影响。结果表明:(1)添加剂极显著影响碳损失量(p<0.01),直接影响秸秆腐解程度及其释放碳素在土壤中的固持,还田深度则通过影响含水量影响失重,含水量与失重显著负相关(r=-0.51),SOC与碳损失量接近于线性负相关(r=-0.94),与C/N极显著正相关(r=0.72),C/N与碳损失量极显著负相关(r=-0.53);(2)微量元素添加剂既提高了前期土壤的含水量,又减缓了后期水分的散失,但添加剂有加速土壤酸化的趋势,15cm还田时微量元素添加剂表现更明显,30cm还田时生物菌添加剂表现更明显;(3)添加剂加速了秸秆的腐解,但减少了碳损失量,150天时,15,30cm还田其碳损失量平均值分别比对照减少3.4%和4.8%,有利于土壤固碳,其中,生物菌添加剂更有利于15cm还田秸秆的腐解,氮素添加剂有利于30cm还田秸秆的腐解;(4)添加剂减缓了秸秆腐解产物的流失,尤其是生物菌添加剂和微量元素添加剂,15cm还田时生物菌添加剂有利于土壤固碳,微量元素添加剂更利于有机碳的更新,而30cm还田时则相反。In order to explore the optimum additive formula that promotes straw decomposition and soil carbon sequestration,the effects of additives on the straw decomposition and its surrounding soil environment were studied.We chose corn stalks as test materials to carry out the burial bag in-situ decomposition experiment for 150 days.The effects of three types of additives(urea,biological bacteria decomposition accelerator and trace element conditioner)on the decomposing process of 15 cm and 30 cm depth returning straw and the soil environmental factors were studied.The results showed that:(1)Additives significantly affected the amount of carbon loss(p<0.01),directly affecting the degree of straw decomposing and the release of carbon in the soil.The depth of returning to the field affected the weight loss by affecting the water content,and the water content was significantly negatively correlated with the weight loss(r=-0.51).SOC and carbon loss were close to a linear negative correlation(r=-0.94),and SOC was significantly positively correlated with C/N(r=0.72),and C/N was significantly negatively correlated with carbon loss(r=-0.53).(2)The trace element additive not only improved soil water content in the early stage,but also slowed the loss of water in the later stage.However,the additive had the tendency to accelerate soil acidification.The effect of trace element additive was more obvious at the depth of 15 cm,but the biological additive worked better at 30 cm depth.(3)The additives accelerated the decomposition of the straw but reduced the carbon loss.After 150 days,the average carbon loss of 15 cm and 30 cm depth returning to the field were reduced by 3.4%and 4.8%,respectively,which was conducive to soil carbon sequestration.Among them,the biological bacteria additive was more conducive to the decomposing of 15 cm returning straw,and the nitrogen additive was more conducive to the decomposing of 30 cm depth returning straw.(4)The additives slowed down the loss of the straw decomposing products,especially the biolog

关 键 词：添加剂 秸秆还田 腐解 周际土壤 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]