生物有机肥与减量配施化肥对连作黄瓜养分利用率及产量的影响  

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Reduced Fertilizer on Nutrient Utilization and Yield of Continuous Cropping Cucumber

作　　者：李小萌 陈效民[1] 曲成闯 张志龙 张俊 黄春燕 刘云梅 LI Xiaomeng;CHEN Xiaomin;QU Chengchuang;ZHANG Zhilong;ZHANG Jun;HUANG Chunyan;LIU Yunmei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095;Rugao Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu 226500)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]如皋市农业科学研究所,江苏如皋226500

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2020年第2期309-317,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“耕地地力影响化肥养分利用的机制与调控”(2016YFD 0200305);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室项目(Y20160038);中国博士后基金项目(2016M591884)。

摘　　要：为了探讨生物有机肥与减量配施化肥对连作黄瓜养分利用率和产量的影响,采用田间小区试验,以黄瓜为供试作物,共设9个处理(T1~T9),将9个处理分为3个处理组:生物有机肥添加量为0t/hm^2的CK处理组(T1减肥0%,T2减肥10%,T3减肥20%);生物有机肥添加量为10t/hm^2的Y1处理组(T4减肥0%,T5减肥10%,T6减肥20%);生物有机肥添加量为20t/hm^2的Y2处理组(T7减肥0%,T8减肥10%,T9减肥20%)。结果表明:Y1处理组和Y2处理组与CK处理组相比,黄瓜产量的提高范围分别为1.48%~38.88%和15.31%~50.91%,氮肥利用率提高1.51~10.07个百分点和6.41~18.71个百分点,磷肥利用率提高2.07~5.38个百分点和5.67~8.90个百分点,钾肥利用率的提高范围分别为9.50~16.31个百分点和16.95~28.43个百分点;在施用相同量的生物有机肥条件下,随着化肥施用量的减少,CK组内各处理(T1、T2和T3)黄瓜产量差异显著,Y1组内的T4和T5与T6相比黄瓜产量差异明显,Y2组内T8与T9相比黄瓜产量差异显著。在9个处理中,T8黄瓜产量最高;Y1组内各处理(T4、T5和T6)和Y2组内各处理(T7、T8和T9)的氮肥利用率、磷肥利用率和钾肥利用率均呈上升趋势。研究结果可为提高养分利用率和减轻作物连作障碍提供科学依据。In order to explore the effects of bio-organic fertilizer combined with reduced fertilizer on nutrient utilization and yield of continuous cropping cucumber,a field plot experiment with nine treatments(T1~T9)was conducted,and cucumber was taken as the test crop.The nine treatments(T1~T9)were divided into three treatment groups,which were CK treatment group with 0 t/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer addition(T1 reduced fertilizer 0%,T2 reduced fertilizer 10%and T3 reduced fertilizer 20%),Y1 treatment group with 10 t/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer addition(T4 reduced fertilizer 0%,T5 reduced fertilizer 10%and T6 reduced fertilizer 20%)and Y2 treatment group with 20 t/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer addition(T7 reduced fertilizer 0%,T8 reduced fertilizer 10%and T9 reduced fertilizer 20%).The results showed that compared with CK treatment,the cucumber yield of Y1 and Y2 treatment groups increased by 1.48%~38.88%and 15.31%~50.91%,respectively,the nitrogen utilization ratio of Y1 and Y2 treatment groups increased by 1.51%~10.07%and 6.41%~18.71%,the phosphorus utilization ratio of Y1 and Y2 treatment groups increased by 2.07%~5.38%and 5.67%~8.90%,and the potassium utilization ratio of Y1 and Y2 treatment groups increased by 9.50%~16.31%and 16.95%~28.43%,respectively.Under the condition of applying the same amount of bio-organic fertilizer,with the decreasing of chemical fertilizer application,the cucumber yield in CK treatments group(T1,T2 and T3)was significantly different.In Y1 group,the cucumber yield of T4 and T5 was significantly different from that of T6.In Y2 group,the cucumber yield of T8 was significantly different from that of T9.Among the nine treatments,T8 had the highest yield of cucumber,while the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of each treatment in Y1(T4,T5 and T6)and Y2 group(T7,T8 and T9)all showed increase trends.The results could provide scientific basis for improving nutrient utilization rate and reducing crop continuous cropping obstacles.

关 键 词：化肥减量 生物有机肥 连作黄瓜 产量 养分利用率 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学] S642.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]