简牍所见秦律“家罪”考论  

Research on the Problem of“Family Crime”in the Law of Qin Dynasty

作　　者：薛洪波[1] XUE Hong-bo(College of History and Culture,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学历史文化学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《安徽史学》2020年第2期19-25,共7页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“秦汉基层社会伦理秩序的建构与演变研究”(19BZS035);吉林省教育厅“十三五”社科项目“战国秦汉家庭犯罪研究”(JJKH20191030SK);吉林省社科基金项目“秦汉伦理秩序研究”(2019B192)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：秦代“家罪”作为家庭内部犯罪的重要组成部分,以“连坐”为前提,以“同居”为条件。犯罪类型仅限于“父子”“主奴”间的杀伤罪和盗窃罪,“父杀伤人及奴妾”中的“人”是指“子女”,“父”杀伤父母和妻子的犯罪行为不属于“家罪”。“家罪”的立法思想不是源于儒家的“容隐”制度,而是来源于法家以“法”治国的思想,立法原则遵循着“国法至上”、对死者及家属不追究刑事责任以及确保在籍“户数”等原则。“家罪”的实质,是国家在建构社会秩序过程中,在有限资源的配置下,以层级递进的方式把法律渗透到个体小家庭,进而对社会进行全方位的控制,体现了帝制早期法律专制的特征。“Family crime”in the Qin Dynasty was a part of the crime within the family,with“Lianzuo”as the premise,with“cohabitation”as the condition.The crime type was limited to the crime of killing and stealing between“father and son”and“master and slave”,the crime of the father killing his parents and wife didn’t belong to the“family crime”.The legislative origin of“family crime”was not from the“Rong Yin”system of Confucian,but from the legalist thought of“Rule of law”.The principle of legislation followed the“national law is supreme”and no criminal liability should be imposed on the deceased or his family,and ensure“number of households”and so on.The essence of“family crime”was that in the process of building social order,the state infiltrates law into individual small families in a hierarchical and progressive manner with the allocation of limited resources,and then carries out all-round control over the society,which reflected the essential characteristics of the early imperial society’s legal autocracy.

关 键 词：秦律 “家罪” 连坐 立法渊源 立法原则 

分 类 号：K233[历史地理—历史学]