株间穴施对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响  

Inter-plant Hole Application of Fertilizer:Effect on Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Summer Maize

作　　者：郭娅 尹焕丽 常凤 李岚涛 赵丽芳 张倩[1] 王宜伦[1] Guo Ya;Yin Huanli;Chang Feng;Li Lantao;Zhao Lifang;Zhang Qian;Wang Yilun(College of Resource and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《农学学报》2020年第3期43-48,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划“华北平原小麦-玉米轮作区高效施肥技术研究与示范”(2015BAD23B02)。

摘　　要：为探究合理的夏玉米高产简化施肥技术。以‘浚单29’为材料,采用田间试验方法研究了开沟条施、正位肥料减量30%穴施、株间全量及肥料减量30%穴施等施肥方式对夏玉米产量、果穗及植株表观性状、生物量和氮磷钾养分积累量的影响。结果表明,株间全量穴施较开沟条施植株表观性状均增加,增产3.70%,地上部生物量增加3.56%,氮、磷养分积累显著增加11.24%和19.44%;肥料减量30%可显著降低夏玉米产量、地上部生物量及氮磷养分积累12.88%~16.56%、11.28%~15.12%、20.13%~30.07%和21.66%~38.19%,施肥方式和肥料用量对夏玉米钾素积累无显著影响。株间穴施和正位穴施差异不显著,较开沟条施更有利于地上部氮磷钾养分吸收从而促进产量提高。夏玉米专用肥750 kg/hm^2配合株间穴施显著提高夏玉米产量,而且养分吸收效果较好,是当前试验条件下较好的施肥管理措施。The study aims to explore the high-yield simplified fertilization techniques for summer maize.‘Xundan 29’was used as material,and field experiment was conducted to study the influence of ditching strips,30%reduction in the positive point,the inter-plant total amount and the 30%reduction of hole application on the yield,ear and plant apparent characters,biomass,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation.The results showed that the apparent characters of inter-plant total amount hole application were improved compared with ditching strips,the yield increased by 3.70%,aboveground biomass increased by 3.56%,nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation increased by 11.24%and 19.44%.30%reduction could significantly reduce the yield,aboveground biomass,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient accumulation by 12.88%-16.56%,11.28%-15.12%,20.13%-30.07%and 21.66%-38.19%,respectively.Both fertilization method and fertilizer amount had no significant effect on summer maize potassium accumulation.Even though there is no significant difference between inter-plant hole application and the positive point hole application,both of them could increase the aboveground absorption of N,P and K nutrients compared with the ditching strips,thus promoting summer maize yield.The 750 kg/hm^2 special fertilizer application combined with the inter-plant hole application increased the yield obviously,and the nutrient absorption was better,which was the appropriate management measure under the current experiment condition.

关 键 词：株间穴施 夏玉米 产量 养分吸收 肥料减量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]