中国干旱区水资源管理中的政府角色演进--以河西走廊为中心的长时段考察  

The Changing Role of Government in China’s Arid Region W ater Management:Using the Hexi Corridor as a Long-duration Case Study

作　　者：张景平[1] 王忠静[2] ZHANG Jing-ping;WANG Zhong-jing(School of History and Culture,Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu;Department of Hydraulic Engineering,State Key Lab of Hydro-science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Bejing 100084)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院/西部生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,甘肃兰州730020 [2]清华大学水利系/水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期39-51,共13页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：“十三五”重点研发计划“西北典型地区节水与生态修复技术集成提升与规模示范”(2016YFC0402900);国家社会科学基金青年项目“晚清以来祁连山—河西走廊水环境演化与社会变迁研究”(18CZ068);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(LZUJBKY-2019-KB30)。

摘　　要：河西走廊作为我国干旱区重要的灌溉农业区,水资源管理自古即是政府职能的重要组成部分。通过对汉唐、明清、晚清民国以及新中国时期河西走廊水资源管理中的政府角色进行长时段研究发现,政府对水资源管理的介入程度呈现出“全面介入—选择性介入—再度全面介入”的历史演化规律。在各个历史时期,政府始终将水资源管理视为干旱区社会管理的重要抓手,而在1949年之后水利管理作为社会改造与控制的重要手段的地位尤其得到强化,新中国政府亦不再遵循历代政府不断寻求水资源管理成本最小化的基本逻辑。干旱区水资源博弈的主体始终是政府而非其他社会组织,政府行为方式对于干旱区水资源管理的方式和效果皆有深远影响。In the Hexi Corridor,as China's major irrigation farming zone in an arid region,water man-agement has always been one of the most important government functions since ancient times.By investigating the role of government in Hexi Corridor water management from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty,from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Republican period,and into the PRC,the government’s level of involvement in water management reveals a“total involvement-selective involvement-return to total involvement”pattern of historical progression.In each historical period,the government constantly viewed water management as a key component of social management in the arid region,and the status of irrigation management in the reformation and control of society post-1949 was further strengthened,as the PRC no longer abided by the logic of its predecessors in the pursuit of minimizing the cost of water management.Instead of other social institutions,the government is forever the main player in the contest for water in the arid region,and government behavior has long impacted on the motivation,meth-od,and effectivity in arid region water management.

关 键 词：水资源管理 河西走廊 干旱区 政府职能 长时段 

分 类 号：F323.213[经济管理—产业经济] K901[历史地理—人文地理学]