基于“崩、冒”耦合效应的近矿体小空区处理方法  

Method of Near Orebody and Small Cavity Treatment for Coupling Effects Based on Breaking and Caving

作　　者：马姣阳 任凤玉[2] 张庆嵩 闫喜明 Ma Jiaoyang;Ren Fengyu;Zhang Qingsong;Yan Ximing(School of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Shuangyashan Mining Company of Jianlong Iron&Steel Group Co.,Ltd.,Shuangyashan 155126,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山063210 [2]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [3]双鸭山建龙矿业有限公司,黑龙江双鸭山155126

出　　处：《金属矿山》2020年第3期42-49,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:50934006);华北理工大学博士科研启动基金项目(编号:28414099)。

摘　　要：地下空区存在危及生产安全和影响资源充分回收,如何有效利用和治理空区成为当下面临的主要问题。针对这一问题,从补偿空间不足作为切入点,将诱导冒落技术与协同利用思想相融合,研究了基于耦合效应的近矿体小空区处理新方法。以双鸭山铁矿北区急倾斜破碎中厚矿体典型空区--S3号采场回采过程中形成的约15 m高空区为例,在分析矿岩可冒性的基础上,结合采场结构参数及采空区大小,提出利用现有的上盘绕道,进行空区扩宽爆破的"崩、冒"耦合效应的近矿体小空区处理方法。该矿北区矿体可冒性良好,且遵循拱形冒落形式,采矿方法选用适合矿体条件的进路诱导冒落法,补偿空间高度约为30 m,通过分析回采长度与冒落高度的关系,选定崩矿高度20 m,扩宽后的爆破范围大于空区尺寸11 m×9.6 m(长×宽),采用同次微差爆破方式,控制矿体冒落接近回采高度30 m。试验表明:爆破实施效果较好,冒落块度适中,崩、冒落高度估算值约为29 m。为验证爆破补偿空间是否满足要求,爆破了两排回采炮孔,在出矿过程中对最大矿石块度进行了跟班标定,发现崩落块度整体良好。该方法消除了空区安全隐患,可回收大量矿石,达到利用并有效处理空区的目的。Due to the existence of goaf area in underground mines,the production safety is facing danger and fully recycling of resources is also affected.Effectively using and governing goaf has become one of the major problems in recent days.To solve this problem,a new method of near orebody and small cavity treatment for coupling effect was studied from the perspective of compensation space shortage,and the technology of induced caving was integrated with the idea of cooperative utilization.Taking the typical goaf in No.S3 stope about 15 m high in the process of stope mining area in Shuangyashan Iron Mine north district for the steeply inclined and fractured orebody with medium thickness as an example,a method of near orebody and small cavity treatment for coupling effects based on breaking and caving was put forward by using the existing plate bypass and expanded blasting by analysing rock caving and considering the stope structure parameters and the size of the mined-out area.The orebody in the north area of the mine had a good caving ability and follows the form of arch caving.The mining method selected the drift induced caving method which was suitable for orebody conditions,and the compensation space height was about 30 m.By analyzing the relationship between mining length and caving height,it was selected that the caving height was 20 m,and the range of blasting was larger than that of empty area length x width≥11 m×9.6 m,the same millisecond blasting method was adapted to control the caving of orebody close to the mining height of 30 m.The test results show that the blasting effect was ideal and the caving fragmentation was moderate,and the height of breaking and caving was estimated about 29 m.In order to verify whether the compensation space was suitable for blasting work,two rows of blasting holes were blasted and the maximum ore fragmentation was regular shift recordings in the process of ore drawing,and the breaking fragmentation was good.This method eliminated the hidden danger of the empty area safety,ca

关 键 词：地下开采 破碎矿体 诱导冒落 碎胀性 采空区 放出体 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]