中国城市流动人口时空特征及影响因素  

Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Floating Population in China

作　　者：薛彩霞 王录仓[1] 常飞 XUE Caixia;WANG Lucang;CHANG Fei(College of Geography and Environment Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2020年第2期157-162,共6页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41261042)。

摘　　要：基于原国家卫生计生委2011-2017年流动人口动态监测调查数据,系统考察我国城市流动人口的时空特征及其影响因素。结果表明:流动人口区域不均衡性进一步加强,聚散态势日益明显,流动强度与城市等级存在正相关,一二线城市依然是流动人口的极化中心。流动范围与城市吸引场高度相关,城市等级越高,越趋向于省际流动,距离衰减越不明显;等级越低,越趋向于市内流动,地理邻近效应越明显。流动时间呈现出短期性(1~2年)与长期性(7年以上)并存的格局,短期性随城市等级的下降而递增,长期性则随城市等级而递减。农业户口仍然是流动人口的主体,“三低一高”(低龄化、低学历化、低技能就业化和高性别化)是流动人口的最基本人口学特征。经济因素对人口的流动仍具有主导作用。Based on the data of the national health and family planning commission from 2011 to 2017,the spatial and temporal pattern of urban floating population and its influencing factors in China were systematically investigated.The results show that regional inequality is further strengthened,convergence and dispersion are becoming more and more obvious,mobility is positively correlated with urban scale,and urban agglomeration and core cities are still polarization centers of floating population.The flow range is related to the height of urban attraction field.The higher the city level is,the more likely it is to flow between provinces;the less obvious the distance attenuation is;the lower the level is,the more likely it is to flow within the city;and the more obvious the geographical proximity effect is.The flow time shows a pattern of short term(1~2 years)and long term(more than 7 years)coexistence.The short term increases with the city level,while the long term decreases with the city level.Agricultural household registration is still the main body of the floating population.“three low levels and one high level”(younger age,less education,less skilled employment and more gender)are the most basic demographic characteristics of the floating population although they are different in different levels of cities.Economic factors still play a leading role in population mobility.

关 键 词：城市流动人口 时空特性 人口学特性 影响因素 中国 

分 类 号：K901.3[历史地理—人文地理学]