考虑顾客取货半径的电动汽车路径优化与服务策略研究  

Study on the electric vehicle routing optimization and service strategy with the consideration of customer self-pickup radius

作　　者：郭放 黄宏军 杨珺[1] GUO Fang;HUANG Hongjun;YANG Jun(School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学管理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2020年第1期154-163,共10页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(71320107001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助(2015QN175);武汉市黄鹤英才(现代服务)计划资助项目。

摘　　要：在环境意识增长与政府政策支持的有利条件下,电动汽车在物流行业得到良好的发展机遇。有电动汽车参与的物流服务需要配送人员、电动汽车和顾客在预定服务策略下共同完成。为提高物流服务的效率与质量,物流企业采取顾客自行取货与配送人员送货上门相结合的服务策略,在提高物流企业配送人员与车辆服务效率的同时,实现部分顾客对收货时间的个性化要求、减少不确定因素对后续配送服务造成不良影响的几率、提高服务水平。本文提出了以电动汽车作为物流配送车辆的考虑顾客自行取货策略的服务站点选址与车辆路径问题,并构建了整数规划数学模型。其次,给出了基于改进节约算法和禁忌算法的混合启发式算法MCWSA-TS。随后通过多组中、小规模算例验证了算法的有效性。最后,采用多组算例分析了覆盖策略与覆盖半径对运营成本的影响。实验结果表明,考虑顾客取货半径的多样化服务策略可以减少物流企业对配送人员与物流车辆的需求,缩短配送距离,进而降低运营成本。With the favorable conditions of increasing environmental awareness and government support,there are good opportunities for electric vehicles to be employed in the development of the logistics industry.The logistics service of small packages in cities takes place at the end of the logistics chain,and these are usually delivered to customers by couriers from regional distribution centers.Owing to the scattered locations of customers,complex traffic situations,and uncertainties in the service process,the costs of the last mile delivery tour and its occupied service resources account for 35%-60%of the entire logistics link costs.Therefore,enterprises are eager to seek more favorable service strategies,and hope that this can help logistics enterprises to improve service times and the utilization rates of resources for couriers and reduce operating costs,as well as satisfying the personalized requirements of customers regarding delivery times,and reducing the adverse impacts of uncertain factors on follow-up delivery services to improve customer satisfaction levels.In this paper,the site coverage concept and customer self-pickup strategy are applied to the facility location and electric vehicle routing problems.This paper studies the optimization of electric vehicle facility location and service strategies under a diversified service strategy combining customer service(within a service radius)and home delivery service(outside the service radius),and establishes a mathematical model of integer programming.The main differences between this research and existing research are:(1)The distribution service line is no longer limited to the Hamilton circuit,and this allows vehicles to accept charging/swapping services a number of times at the same service station.(2)Customers can access goods in a variety of ways,and they are no longer limited to courier delivery in a door-to-door service.(3)The service station can provide a battery charging/swapping service to electric vehicles.Customers who are in the service range of the st

关 键 词：电动汽车 选址-路径问题 混合启发式算法 多样化服务策略 半径覆盖问题 

分 类 号：U116.2[交通运输工程] O221[理学—运筹学与控制论]