生产不确定下资金约束供应链的运营决策研究  

Research on operational strategies for capital-constrained supply chains with yield random

作　　者：沈建男[1] 邵晓峰[1] SHEN Jiannan;SHAO Xiaofeng(Antai College of Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200030)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2020年第1期210-222,共13页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71372106)。

摘　　要：研究由单一零售商与单一制造商组成的单渠道供应链,其中资金约束制造商的生产不确定以及生产能力有限,同时供应链中企业双方交易存在多种付款方式可供选择。首先以生产确定且不同付款方式下的供应链最优运营决策与期望收益为基准;其次讨论生产不确定且不同付款方式情形,从而提出资金约束供应链最优付款方式的选择策略,通过对比分析讨论生产不确定性、生产能力等因素对供应链最优决策与最优期望利润的影响。研究表明:生产能力较大时,零售商与制造商有非常相近的最优付款选择;生产能力较小时,通过收益共享契约实现供应链双方付款方式上的统一。而且,生产不确定与有限生产能力总体上约束了零售商的订购量,但其中生产能力较少时,不确定性反而增加了订购量;并且制造商采取了更加保守的运营策略,同时减少了双方的期望收益。最后,通过算例分析验证了相关研究结论。The manufacturer’s financial constraint may lead to unsmooth production.Thus,the downstream firm will face the risk of supply shortages or supply disruption in the supply chain operation,which the firms cannot make optimal decisions,and their profit decrease rapidly.Especially the manufacturer produces under limited production capacity,and the actual output is subject to a random production yield,which further restricts the firms’decisions.Bank financing and trade credit are commonly used to release financial constraint.As being lack of full business information and avoiding financial risks,the bank may afford a finite credit size.Trade credit,mainly including advance payment and delayed payment,is the business credit between supply chain enterprises or between supply chain enterprises and their customers.Besides punctual payment,trade credit enriches the payment terms between firms.But recently,many studies about the capital-constrained supply chain mainly discussed the optimal decision-making under one payment term and analyzed how to choose the optimal financial channel to solve the limited capital for the retailer.Little research considered that the capital-constrained manufacturer had limited production capacity and random yield under different payment terms.Under stochastic yield and appropriate financial services,a capital-constrained manufacturer with a traditional partner(i.e.,a retailer)sold her products with an exogenously fixed wholesale price.The basic model was classical single-period make-to-order framework under different payments.So the retailer prebooked quantity before the period of selling,and retailer price was a linear function of demand.Without loss of generality,the manufacturer’s initial capital was zero.To keep a successful operation in the supply chain,the manufacturer had a strong incentive as wholesale price discount to advanced payment.But if the retailer implemented delay payment,the manufacturer must be a borrower and announced interest rate of per unit wholesale price to the

关 键 词：资金约束 生产不确定 有限生产能力 运营决策 最优付款选择 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]