英语完成态中的焦点干涉效应  

The focus intervention effect in English perfect

作　　者：王晨 Wang Chen

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2020年第1期33-37,共5页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

摘　　要：英语完成态是一种复杂的句法形态学结构,由助动词have和动词的过去分词组成。其语义及功能一直以来都有争论,核心在于是否存在一个静止的"完成状态"。本文认为完成态包括基本组成部分,即完成体视点和焦点标记。前者由过去分词指代,后者依靠助动词have实现。完成态在句法上并不包含"结束状态",其解读依赖在特定语境中强调事件已经结束的作用,并涉及会话隐含义。完成态表现出焦点干涉效应的特征,例如不兼容方式和地点状语、不支持量词提升等。In English the perfect is a complex morpho-syntactic construction consisting of an auxiliary have and a past participle. It is a special aspect not only due to the flexibility of its meanings but also to the dubious existence of the"perfect state".This paper proposes that the meaning of the perfect in English is derived compositionally with two parts: the perfective aspect which indicates the eventuality under discussion is terminated,and the focus marker which produces the assertion of the perfective situation. The former is represented by the past participle form of the predicate while the latter is carried out by the auxiliary have. Therefore,there is no result state or state of perfect in the syntactic sense,and the interpretation of the perfect aspect depends on the interpretation of the asserti. on of a perfective event in a specific context,which is often a pragmatic issue.This focus-related compositional approach provides natural explanations to some restrictions in the use of the perfect,such as its incompatibility with manner and locative adverbs without certain context and the disallowance of quantifier raising,which are results from the focus intervention effect.

关 键 词：句法 时体 英语完成态 焦点干涉效应 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]