三种助剂在减量化防治苹果黄蚜中的应用研究  

Application of three surfactants for dose-reduced chemical control of Aphis citricola van der Goot(Linnaeus)

作　　者：封云涛[1,2] 郭晓君 李娅[1,2] 李光玉 庾琴 杜恩强[1] 张润祥[1,2] FENG Yuntao;GUO Xiaojun;LI Ya;LI Guangyu;YU Qin;DU Enqiang;ZHANG Runxiang(Institute of Plant Protection,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,太原030031 [2]农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第3期397-403,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200505);山西省农业科学院科技创新研究课题(YCX2018D2YS18)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索减量化防治苹果黄蚜技术。【方法】采用室内毒力测定的方法从4种杀虫剂中筛选出毒力最高的药剂阿维菌素;测定了分别添加0.5%GY-T1602、0.1%NF-100和0.3%迈道3种助剂后,阿维菌素药液表面张力及在苹果叶片上的接触角变化,田间进行了防治效果对比。【结果】3种助剂均能显著降低5%阿维菌素乳油各浓度药液的表面张力,各浓度药液表面张力降低3.19~12.59 mN·m^-1;添加3种助剂后5%阿维菌素乳油不同浓度药液在苹果叶片正面和背面接触角均显著降低,各浓度药液叶片正面和背面接触角分别降低达7.54°~31.40°、16.72°~47.70°;田间试验表明,5%阿维菌素乳油120 g·hm^-2处理分别添加3种助剂后,3~14 d防效为59.35%~97.08%,与150 g·hm^-2处理防效相当或显著高于150 g·hm^-2处理,但药量能减少20%。【结论】使用阿维菌素在田间防治苹果黄蚜时,推荐添加0.5%GYT1602或0.1%NF-100或0.3%迈道。【Objective】In order to reduce the pesticide use and delay the development of resistance to the chemical pesticides for controlling Aphis citricola von der Goot,three different surfactants were tested.【Methods】Toxicity of four insecticides,acetamiprid,imidacloprid,lambda-cyhalothrin and abamectin,was first surveyed in the field population of Aphis citricola in Yuncheng using leaf dipping method.Abamectin,the most efficient one,was then selected for this study.Then,surface tension and static contact angle were measured.Suspension drop method was used to determine the surface tension after adding 0.5%GY-T1602,0.1%NF-100 or 0.3%Maidao to solutions of 5%abamectin EC diluted by 5000,6250,8333 or 12500 times.The control group was the solutions without surfactant.The 30s static contact angles of the abamectin solutions on the upper and lower surfaces of apple leaves after adding the surfactants were measured by lying-down drop method.Finally,field experiments were carried out to evaluate the control effect.Five treatments were set up.They were 5%abamectin EC 150 g·hm^-2 without surfactant,5%abamectin EC 120 g·hm^-2 added with one of the three surfactants and water as control.A knaper-type sprayer was used to evenly spray the whole apple tree.The above treatments were arranged in random zones.Each treatment had 4 replicates(plots),each with 3 trees.The insect population basal number was surveyed on April 29,2018,and the number of insect population was investigated 3,7 and 14 days after application.Two branches of each tree were marked according to the positions in each plot,and the number of living aphids in 5 leaves on each branch was recorded.According to the basal population before the application of pesticides and the population after the application of pesticides,the population decline rate and the control effect in each treatment were calculated.【Results】Among the four insecticides,abamectin had the highest toxicity to Aphis citricola,which was 18.32-53.66 times that of the other insecticides.Therefore

关 键 词：苹果黄蚜 助剂 润湿性 减量化防治 防效 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]