大型正向前上料短行程铝挤压机液压系统  

Designing on hydrolic system of large direct aluminium extrusion press with front-loading short-stroke

作　　者：杨红娟[1] 张君[1] 薛菲菲[1] 段丽华[1] 周少凡[1] YANG Hong-juan;ZHANG Jun;XUE Fei-fei;DUAN Li-hua;ZHOU Shao-fan(State Key Laboratory of Metal Extrusion and Forging Equipment Technology,China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]金属挤压与锻造装备技术国家重点实验室,中国重型机械研究院股份公司,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《重型机械》2020年第1期1-7,共7页Heavy Machinery

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(04专项)(2011ZX04016-081);陕西省重点科技创新团队(2013KCT-10)。

摘　　要：目前全世界对生产高性能特种工业铝型材的大型正向前上料短行程卧式铝挤压机的需求增长很快。本文针对大型正向前上料短行程卧式铝挤压机的结构形式,分析了其液压控制系统的特点和设计方法。通过在高压泵出口安装压力脉动阻尼器抑制周期性压力脉动,可以降噪、稳压95%;采用插装式比例溢流阀+插装式方向阀(小通径)或者插装式比例流量阀两种方式可以实现快速而平稳的卸压;挤压速度采用分段选择、无级调整的控制方式,提高压机的调整精度;采用内置式穿孔系统的双动固定针挤压工艺依靠液压控制来实现,其定针精度可以控制在±1 mm,穿孔针震荡精度可以控制在±0.1 mm以内;从油泵的配置、挤压杆和挤压筒的速度控制、主侧缸升压到临界突破点10 MPa的时间等三方面,成功地减少固定非挤压时间10~15 s;从工艺参数配置及电机选择,使机组处于高效率的最佳状态下工作,达到既满足使用又节能的目的。生产实践证明,该液压控制系统使大型正向前上料短行程卧式铝挤压机运行平稳可靠,能满足产品质量和环保节能要求。At present,the worldwide demand for large direct aluminium extrusion press with front-loading short-stroke is increasing rapidly.In this paper,the characteristics and designing method of the hydraulic control system for the large direct aluminium extrusion press with front-loading short-stroke are analyzed.By installing pressure pulsation damper at the outlet of high-pressure pump to restrain periodic pressure pulsation,it can reduce noise and stabilize pressure by 95%.The rapid and stable pressure relief can be achieved by using the plug-in proportional relief valve+plug-in directional valve(small diameter)or plug-in proportional flow valve.The extrusion speed control mode of subsection selection and stepless adjustment is adopted to improve the adjustment accuracy of extrusion press.The extrusion process of fixed needle with internal perforation is realized by hydraulic control systems.The precision of fixed needle can be controlled within±1 mm,and thevibration precisionof perforated needle can be controlled within±0.1 mm.Throughthree aspects as follows:the configuration ofoil pump,the speed control ofextrusion rod and the extrusion contaier,and the time of the main cylinder from 0 MPa to the critical breakthrough point of 10 MPa,the fixed non-extrusion time is reduced by 10-15 s.And the press can run under the best condition of high efficiency by the configuration of process parameters and the selection of motor,it meets the purpose of both application and energy saving.The production practice shows that the hydraulic controlling system makethe large direct aluminium extrusion press with front-loading short-stroke run stably and reliably,and meet the requirements of product quality,environmental protection and energy saving.

关 键 词：挤压机 稳压 卸压 挤压速度 固定针 

分 类 号：TG375[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]