甘青地区马家窑文化彩陶贸易及其动力探讨  

DISCUSS ON THE TRADE AND MOTIVE FORCE OF MAJIAYAO CULTURAL PAINTED POTTERY IN GANSU-QINGHAI REGION

作　　者：崔一付[1] 杨谊时 张山佳[1] 李国林 李冀源 陈国科[2] Cui Yifu;Yang Yishi;Zhang Shanjia;Li Guolin;Li Jiyuan;Chen Guoke(Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu;Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu;Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Xining 810007,Qinghai)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省文物考古研究所,甘肃兰州730050 [3]青海省文物考古研究所,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2020年第2期538-546,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(批准号:2018YFA0606402);中国科学院(A类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA2004010101)共同资助。

摘　　要：马家窑文化是甘青地区仰韶文化晚期阶段一个重要的文化遗存类型,其以精美的彩陶闻名于世,对于马家窑文化彩陶的交流传播研究受到了学术界的广泛关注.本文运用X-荧光光谱分析法对甘青地区5个典型马家窑文化早期阶段遗址出土的92件彩陶陶片样品和各遗址附近采集的42份红粘土及黄土样品进行化学元素组成分析,追溯彩陶的产源地及贸易.同时基于陶器的起源传播理论,收集整理马家窑文化区遗址出土的粟(Setaria italica)、黍(Panicum miliaceum)农作物以及动物骨骼遗存鉴定资料,探讨马家窑彩陶贸易的动力.Ti/Al-Na/K和主成分分析结果显示宗日文化区宗日遗址的马家窑文化彩陶元素组成特征和马家窑文化主体区域的彩陶一致,表明宗日遗址马家窑类型彩陶是从马家窑文化主体区域贸易而来;马家窑文化彩陶的传播和该地区粟黍农作物的交流传播具有时空一致性,粟黍农业人群沿黄河上游谷地向共和盆地的扩散带来了新的文化元素;宗日文化区和马家窑文化核心区生业模式的差异带来了跨区域间文化交流的动力,这也可能是马家窑文化彩陶贸易的动力.Majiayao culture which is famous for its exquisite painted pottery is an important type of cultural relics in late Yangshao culture period in Gansu-Qinghai region.The research on the spread of Majiayao cultural painted pottery has been widely studied.In this paper,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to analyze the elemental composition of 92 pieces of potsherds unearthed from 5 typical Majiayao cultural sites(Shannashuzha:34.491°N,104.077°E;Majiayao:35.201°N,104.228°E;Lijiaping:35.838°N,104.417°E;Dayatou:35.486°N,103.859°E;Zongri:35.335°N,100.249°E)and 42 red clay and loess samples collected near each site in order to trace the origin and spread of the pottery.Meanwhile,based on the origin and spread theory of pottery,we collected and sorted out the millet crops and animal skeleton data unearthed from sites of Majiayao cultural area to explore the motive force of pottery trade.The results of Ti/Al-Na/K and principal component analysis show that the elemental composition characteristics of Majiayao type cultural potsherds in the Zongri site are consistent with those in the core area of Majiayao culture,it indicats that Majiayao type painted potsherds in Zongri site were trade from core area of Majiayao culture regional distribution.The spatiotemporal spread of Majiayao cultural pottery is consistent with that of millet crops in this area.The spread of millet farmers along the valley of the upper reaches of the Yellow River to Gonghe basin has brought new cultural elements.The difference of subsistence strategy may be the motive force of Maijiayao cultural painted pottery trade.

关 键 词：马家窑文化 彩陶 元素组成 贸易 宗日文化 粟黍农业 动力 

分 类 号：P92[天文地球—自然地理学] K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]