农户分化何以影响农户土地承包权退出决策?  

How does the Differentiation of Farmers Affect Their Decision-making of Farmers'Withdrawing Contractual Rights?

作　　者：张广财 何东伟[1] 顾海英[1] ZHANG Guangcai;HE Dongwei;GU Haiying(Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《经济与管理研究》2020年第2期66-81,共16页Research on Economics and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“气候变化背景下低碳农林业发展战略及政策研究”(71333010);国家社会科学基金重大项目“共享发展理念下的中国新型城乡土地制度体系构建”(16ZDA019)。

摘　　要：随着农村市场化改革的推进,农户间逐渐发生分化,不同农户经济社会地位的差异必然造成其对土地处置行为不同。基于长三角地区微观调查数据,本文采用中介效应模型,考察农户分化对农户农地承包权退出决策的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:第一,农户分化并未引起农户土地承包权的退出意愿,反而抑制其土地退出行为,即分化程度越高的农户,越不愿意放弃农地。第二,农户分化通过家庭收入和土地流转两个中介机制作用于农地退出决策。一方面,农户分化会引起家庭收入的变化,家庭收入越高的农户农地退出意愿越低,家庭收入越低的农户更倾向于退出农地以换取经济补偿;另一方面,农户分化会引起土地流转的差异,土地流转程度越高的农户越愿意退出农地,土地流转程度越低的农户越倾向于持有土地。因此,若想优化农村“人地”资源配置,政策制定者应根据异质性农户的需求,为农户有偿退出承包地提供差异化的制度安排。With the advancement of rural marketization reform,gradual differentiation and the differences in economic and social status of farmers will inevitably lead to different behaviors for land disposal.Based on the micro-survey data in the Yangtze River Delta region,this paper uses the mediation effect model to examine the impact and mechanism of farmers'differentiation on their decision-making of withdrawing contractual rights.The findings are shown as follows.Firstly,the differentiation of farmers does not promote the willingness to withdraw from contractual rights,but plays a depressing role;farmers with higher levels of differentiation are more inclined to hold farmland.Secondly,the differentiation of farmers is made by both intermediary machines of family income and farmland circulation for the decision-making of farmland withdrawal.On the one hand,the differentiation of farmers is accompanied by changes in their household income,and the more household income,the lower the willingness to withdraw farmland;while the less household income,the farmers are more inclined to withdraw from the farmland in exchange for economic compensation.On the other hand,the differentiation of farmers causes the difference of farmland circulation,and farmers with a higher degree of farmland circulation are more willing to withdraw from the farmland,while those with a lower degree prefer to hold the farmland.Therefore,in order to optimize the allocation of“people and land”resources,the government should provide differentiated institutional arrangements for farmers to withdraw from the contractual farmland according to the needs of heterogeneous farmers.

关 键 词：农户分化 农户收入 农地流转 农地退出 城镇化 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] F323.6