当代中国的节水成就与经验  

Present achievements and experiences of water conservation in China

作　　者：王亚华[1] 许菲 Wang Yahua;Xu Fei

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,清华大学中国农村研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国水利》2020年第7期1-6,共6页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB164);国家自然科学基金项目(71573151);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401408)。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国节水成效卓著,用水效率快速提升,以27%的用水总量增长支撑了36倍的经济总量增长,农业以下降12%的用水量支撑了粮食产量增长1.2倍,工业以增加1.4倍的用水量支撑工业增加值增长55.7倍。总结了当代中国的节水经验:理念先导,目标引领;党政主导,调试管理;系统治理,两手发力;群众路线,广泛参与;依法治水,科技支撑;因地制宜,分类施策。当代中国节水成就体现了中国水治理能力的快速提升和水治理体系的较高效能,当代中国节水经验从一个侧面反映了当代中国治水的经验,体现了中国特色社会主义制度优势。Since the reform and opening-up,China has made remarkable achievements in water conservation,and seen a dramatic increase of water use efficiency.With an increase of 27%water use,it supports a 36-fold increase in total economic output.With 12%decrease of irrigated water use,it supports a 1.2-fold increase in the grain output.With a 1.4-fold increase of water use,it adds value to the industries by 55.7 times.The paper summarizes the current experiences of water conservation in China,such as following of basic principles and concepts,goal-oriented,strong leadership,making timey adjustment,system governance,maximizing roles of market and government,widely participation,law-based management,science and technology support,and taking measures according to local conditions.China's achievements in water conservation reflect the rapid improvement of capability and high efficiency of water management system,which embodies the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：水治理 国家治理 节水 灌溉管理 水权水市场 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]