《齐物论释》与中国语言文字之学的建立  

Qi Wu Lun Shi and the Establishment of the Study of Chinese Language and Characters

作　　者：孟琢[1] 李聪 MENG Zhuo;LI Cong(Research Center of Zhang Taiyan and Huang Kan,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学章太炎黄侃学术研究中心,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期79-86,共8页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：齐物哲学与中国语言文字之学具有密切关联,二者有着共同的学术轨迹。由于学科畛域的影响,《齐物论释》的语言文字学思想长期为学界所忽略。具体而言,在齐物哲学“以名遣名”的启发下,太炎界定了语言作为记录理性思维的符号体系的性质,通过本名、引伸名、究竟名对汉语词汇类型进行辨析。基于《摄大乘论释》中的“密诠”“显目”之辨,他辨析了语根意义与词汇意义的差别,为汉语词源学奠定基础。他从名实关系的深层内涵出发,提出了全新的训释分类,推进了训诂学的理论发展。在齐物哲学中,语言的任意性与理据性具有“两行”的统一关系,民族性更是现实语言文字建设的根本依据。《齐物论释》中的语言文字思想具有理论创新、民族本位的特点,成为太炎独具特色的语言哲学的基点。Philosophy of Qi Wu is closely related to the study of Chinese language and characters,both of which share the same academic track.Due to the influence of disciplines domain,the thoughts of philology in Qi Wu Lun Shi have long been ignored by academic circles.Specifically,inspired by“dispelling name by name”of Qi Wu Philosophy,Zhang Taiyan defined the nature of language as a symbol system of recording rational thinking,and discriminated the types of Chinese vocabulary through Original Name,Extended Name and Categorical Name.Based on the distinction between“Internal Interpretation(Mi Quan)”and“External Items(Xian Mu)”from the theory of Mahāyāna-samgraha-s'āstra,he discriminated the difference between the root meaning and the lexical meaning,which laid the foundation for Chinese Etymology.Starting from the deep connotation of the relationship between name and reality,he put forward a new classification of exegesis,which promoted the theoretical development of exegetics.In the philosophy of Qi Wu,the arbitrariness and motivation of language have a unified relationship of“two lines”,and nationality is the fundamental basis for the construction of realistic language.The thought of language and characters in Qi Wu Lun Shi has the characteristics of theoretical innovation and national standard,which is the basis of Zhang Taiyan's unique philosophy of language.

关 键 词：章太炎 齐物哲学 中国语言文字之学 语言性质 词义类型 训释类型 词源学 

分 类 号：H109.3[语言文字—汉语]