多源数据融合的中国人口数据空间化研究  

Spatialization of China’s Population Data based on Multi-source Data

作　　者：郭雨臣 黄金川[1,2,3] 林浩曦 Guo Yuchen;Huang Jinchuan;Lin Haoxi(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Analysis and Simulation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2020年第1期219-232,共14页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)“大数据驱动的美丽中国全景评价与决策支持”课题(XDA19040501)资助。

摘　　要：人口数据通常是以行政区为单元进行统计,在与其他空间数据进行综合分析时往往存在尺度不一等诸多问题。人口数据空间化研究是探究人口空间分布规律的过程,其最终成果可为人口分布与其他数据的空间关联研究奠定基础,同时也可直接应用于灾害影响评估等领域,具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。基于人口分布和土地覆盖、交通路网数据的空间关系构建人口空间化模型,将人口划分为城镇人口和农村人口,通过相关权重法(Relative Weight)对土地覆盖类型赋权,利用交通路网数据修正,对农村人口进行空间展布;分析不同等级交通路网数据影响方式的不同,对城镇人口进行展布,最后通过规划求解等方法将不同类型数据叠加融合。人口数据空间化结果表明:我国人口分布对海拔地形十分敏感,低海拔平原和台地面积仅占我国国土面积的16.49%,而生活在其上的人口却占总人口的54.88%,相反,我国山地丘陵面积占比为55.78%,但是仅分布22.11%的人口;东部人口集中于黄淮海地区、四川盆地、长江中小游以及东北平原等地;中国城镇人口呈现典型的“点轴”分布特点,沿主要交通线的集中分布比较明显。The population data is usually calculated by administrative districts.When comprehensive analysis is carried out with other spatial data,there are often many problems such as different scales.The spatial data of population data is the process of exploring the spatial distribution of population.The final result can be other spatial correlation research.It lays the foundation and can also be directly applied to disaster impact assessment and other fields,which has important academic significance and application value.The population spatialization model is based on the spatial relationship between population and land use and traffic road network data.The popula‐tion is divided into urban population and rural population.The land use type is empowered by the relative weight method,and the traffic network data is used to correct it.Spatial distribution of rural population;analysis of different ways of affecting different levels of traffic road network data,comprehensive distribution of urban population,and finally through the planning and other methods to superimpose and integrate different types of data.The results of population data spatialization results show that China's population is very sensitive to altitude and topography.Low-altitude plains and terraces only account for 16.49%of China's land area,while the population living on it accounts for 54.88%of the total population.On the contrary,China's mountains The proportion of hills is 55.78%,but only 22.11%of the population is distributed.The eastern population is concentrated in the Huanghuaihai area,the Sichuan Basin,the Yangtze River small and medium-sized tourist,and the North‐east Plain.The urban population in China presents a typical“point-axis”distribution.The distribution along the main traffic lines is more prominent.

关 键 词：人口数据空间化 土地覆盖 交通路网 相关权重法 

分 类 号：TP75[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]