法律实践与规范的背离:基于聋哑人犯罪从宽量刑的实证检验  

Deviation from Legal Practice and Norm:Based on the Empirical Test of Leniency in Sentencing Deaf and Mute People

作　　者：胡昌明[1,2] 赵忠荀 马铁丰 Hu Changming;Zhao Zhongxun;Ma Tiefeng(Law Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720,P.R.China;School of Statistics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,P.R.China;Sichuan Key Laboratory of Quantitative Evaluations and Information Engineering to Rule of Law,Chengdu 611130,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720 [2]中国社会科学院国家法治指数中心,北京100720 [3]西南财经大学,成都611130 [4]四川省法治量化与信息工程重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期30-39,共10页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：法律明确规定聋哑人犯罪可以从宽处罚,但是这一规范在司法实践中是否严格适用却存在争论。通过借助因果推断的倾向得分匹配法,对1060份裁判文书进行研究,并针对聋哑人这一量刑情节,就实验组(聋哑人)和对照组(健全人)量刑的差异进行对比分析后发现,在控制了犯罪数额、法定量刑情节的影响后,聋哑人犯罪从宽处罚这一规定在轻罪的判决中没有得到充分体现,法律实践与法律规范存在一定程度的背离。这与聋哑人犯罪从宽处罚属于授权性规范、法官量刑存在心理定势、聋哑被告人诉讼权利保障缺位及审前羁押时间较长有关。The law clearly stipulates that deaf-mutes can be given a lenient punishment for their crimes,but whether this norm is strictly applicable in judicial practice is controversial.In this paper,by means of the tendency score matching method of causal inference,an empirical study was conducted on 1060 judgment documents to analyze the difference in sentencing between the experimental group(the deaf-mutes)and the control group(able-bodied people)in terms of the circumstances of sentencing deaf-mutes.The study found that after controlling the crime amount and the influence of the circumstances of legal sentencing,the effect of the deaf from the punishment sentencing plot is not fully reflected in misdemeanor of ruling,and there is a certain degree of deviation between the legal practice and the legal norms.It is concluded that leniency for the deaf mute is not strictly applicable and leniency for the deaf mute which belongs to authorized norms,the judge sentencing is the mind-set,deaf and mute people lack of protection of the rights and pretrial detention time is long.

关 键 词：量刑差异 司法实践 聋哑人犯罪 倾向得分匹配法 

分 类 号：D924.13[政治法律—刑法学]