城镇女性人力资本贬损的生育效应研究  

The Fertility Effect of Derogatory Human Capital of Urban Women

作　　者：张樨樨[1,2] 孙法芝 Zhang Xixi;Sun Fazhi(College of Management,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学管理学院 [2]中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院,青岛266100

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期132-143,共12页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“人口结构危机背景下劳动就业新问题及对策研究”(19BJY051)。

摘　　要：在全面二孩政策遇冷、生育难题凸显的同时,女性高昂的生育代价已转化为现实生育成本,成为女性生育与就业决策的重要考量,无形代价之一便是人力资本存量损耗。基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,综合运用最小二乘法与倾向得分匹配法,系统考察生育对城镇女性人力资本贬损的影响。研究结果显示:生育是导致城镇女性人力资本贬损的关键影响因素之一,学历越高、工作经验越丰富、周工作时间越长、家庭经济状况越好,社会公平感越强,人力资本越不易贬损。不同生育群体人力资本贬损程度存在显著差异:非公部门或较低学历群体育后人力资本贬损程度超过50%,工作经验欠缺群体人力资本现值下降34.51%。政府相关部门应在03岁幼托服务体系构建、育后针对性培训等市场失灵领域及时补位,构筑维权屏障,搀扶育后女性完成心理过渡,锻造人力资本自我管理理念。While the comprehensive two-child policy has been pre-cooled and the fertility problem has been highlighted,the high fertility cost of women has been transformed into the realistic fertility cost.One of the intangible costs is the loss of human capital stock.Based on the data of China General Social Survey(CGSS),the least square method and the propensity score matching method were used to systematically investigate the impact of fertility on the derogation of urban women’s human capital.The results show that birth is one of the key factors leading to the derogation of urban women’s human capital.There were significant differences in the derogatory degree of human capital among different birth groups:the derogatory degree of human capital was more than 50%in the non-public sector or the group with lower education background and the present value of human capital was 34.51%lower in the group with less work experience.Relevant government departments should make timely replacements in the field of market failure such as the establishment of the child-care service system for 0-3 years old and targeted post-birth training,construct the protection barriers,assist post-birth women to complete the psychological transition,and forge the concept of human capital self-management.

关 键 词：二孩政策 城镇女性 人力资本贬损 生育代价 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学] C913.68