青海省海北地区高寒草甸群落特征和生物量对短期休牧的响应  

Response of plant community structure and biomass to short-term rest grazing in an alpine meadow in Haibei Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai

作　　者：徐田伟[1] 赵炯昌 毛绍娟 耿远月 刘宏金[1,4] 赵新全 徐世晓[1] XU Tian-wei;ZHAO Jiong-chang;MAO Shao-juan;GENG Yuan-yue;LIU Hong-jin;ZHAO Xin-quan;XU Shi-xiao(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;College of Eco-environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810008 [2]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,云南昆明650500 [3]青海大学生态环境工程学院,青海西宁810016 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第4期1-8,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA23060603、XDA2005010406);2018年度青海三江源生态保护和建设二期工程科研和推广项目(2018-S-2);青海大学中青年科研基金项目(2016-QNY-4);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501905、2016YFC0501805);中国科学院“西部青年学者”B类项目资助。

摘　　要：为揭示高寒草甸植被群落特征和生物量对短期休牧的响应,为高寒草甸合理利用提供依据,于2017年9月上旬采用样方法对青海省海北州门源县的连续放牧、生长季休牧和禁牧1年的高寒草甸样地进行调查、取样和分析,研究了短期休牧对高寒草甸植被群落结构和地上/地下生物量的影响。结果表明:1)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了高寒草甸的群落高度、群落盖度和样方物种丰富度(P<0.01),极显著提高了异针茅、矮嵩草、异叶米口袋和青海苜蓿等代表性牧草高度(P<0.01);2)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了枯落物量和半腐殖质量(P<0.01),极显著提高了禾本科、豆科和阔叶类植物生物量(P<0.01),极显著提高了总地上生物量和优质牧草产量(P<0.01);3)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了表层地下生物量(0~10 cm)和总地下生物量(0~30 cm)(P<0.01)。对于青海海北地区的未退化高寒草甸,可以采用短期休牧技术优化其群落结构,提高生物量和优质牧草产量,促进天然草地资源合理利用。This study explored the effects of short-term rest grazing on plant community structure and biomass,in order to provide a theoretical basis for decisions on the sustainable utilization of alpine meadow grassland.The plant community structure and biomass at three study sites(continuously grazed[CG],rest grazing for a growing season[RGGS],and not grazed for one year[NG1Y])in Haibei alpine meadow were sampled and analyzed,in early September 2017.It was found that:1)RGGS and NG1Y significantly increased plant community height,ground cover and species richness compared to CG(P<0.01).These treatments also increased the height of representative species such as Stipa aliena,Kobresia humilis,Gueldenstaedtia diversifolia and Medicago archiducis-nicolaii(P<0.01).2)RGGS and NG1Y significantly increased litter fall and humus accumulation(P<0.01),significantly increased grass,legume and broad-leaved herb species biomass(P<0.01),and also significantly increased total aboveground biomass and high quality forage yield,compared to CG(P<0.01).3)RGGS and NG1Y significantly increased 0-10 cm belowground biomass and total belowground biomass(0-30 cm)(P<0.01).Therefore,short-term rest grazing can be used to benefit vegetation community structure,improve high quality herbage yield and promote sustainable utilization of alpine meadow in Haibei Autonomous Perfecture of Qinghai province.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 短期休牧 植被群落特征 生物量 根冠比 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]