不同栽培模式下草莓脱毒苗与常规苗对生长和结果影响的比较  

Investigation of Biological Characteristics Between Virus-free Seedlings and Conventional Seedlings Under Different Cultivation Modes

作　　者：邹小花[1] 杨海云 况慧云 高清华[1] ZOU Xiaohua;YANG Haiyun;KUANG Huiyun;GAO Qinghua(Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403;College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434023;Shanghai Shumei Modern Agriculture Investment Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 201709)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海201403 [2]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434023 [3]上海孰美农业投资有限公司,上海201709

出　　处：《北方园艺》2020年第5期39-45,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然基金青年资助项目(31601731);上海市瓜果产业技术体系资助项目(2019-1)。

摘　　要：以‘红颜’‘章姬’2个草莓品种脱毒苗和常规苗为试材,比较脱毒苗与常规苗在植物学生长特性和果实抗病性方面的表现,以期为上海地区草莓优质种苗的繁育、母苗选择、育苗方式的选择提供科学指导。结果表明:脱毒苗在炼苗期叶片病虫害发生率控制在0%~6%。在相同栽培模式下,‘红颜’脱毒苗的生长势较常规苗株高、冠径、单株匍匐茎和单株花序分别增加了8.40 cm、1.70 cm、1.75条、1.77个;‘章姬’脱毒苗的生长势较常规苗株高、冠径、单株匍匐茎和单株花序分别增加了3.89 cm、0.74 cm、1.60条、1.10个。同时‘红颜’脱毒苗定植后果实病害发生率从常规苗的17.33%降低到脱毒苗的2.66%;‘章姬’脱毒苗定植后果实病害发生率从常规苗的13.33%降低到0%。不同栽培模式下繁苗,‘红颜’脱毒苗在单层X支架式栽培下生长势较单层单列式栽培模式下株高、冠径和单株匍匐茎数目分别增加了6.10 cm、2.48 cm与2.77条。‘红颜’‘章姬’脱毒苗比常规苗在繁苗期生长势更旺盛,‘红颜’脱毒苗在生产时期果实病害发生率比常规苗极显著性降低,‘红颜’脱毒苗采用常规地垄式栽培比立架栽培植株生长势和繁苗率高。Two strawberry varieties ‘Benihoppe ’ and ‘Akihime ’ were used as experimental materials to investigate the plant growth potential between the virus-free and conventional seedlings under different cultivation modes. The results showed that the incidence of leaf diseases in the seedling stage was controlled between 0% and 6% in virus-free seedlings. Under the same cultivation mode,the growth potential of‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Akihime’ virus-free seedlings were higher than that of conventional seedlings,with increased crown diameter,stolon per plant and inflorescence per plant by 8. 40 cm,1. 70 cm,1. 75,1. 77 and3. 89 cm,0. 74 cm,1. 60,1. 10,repectively. At the same time,the incidence of disease in ‘Benihoppe’virusfree seedlings decreased from 17. 33% to 2. 66% in conventional seedlings at seedling stage,and 13. 33% to0% at production period. Furthermore,under different cultivation modes,the growth potential of ‘Akihime’virus-free seedlings under single-layer X-scramble cultivation was higher than that of single-layer single-row cultivation mode by 6. 10 cm,2. 48 cm,and 2. 77 respectively. In summary,the ‘Benihoppe’and ‘Akihime’virus-free seedlings grew more vigorously than the conventional seedlings in the seedling stage. The incidence of disease in ‘Benihoppe ’ virus-free seedlings was significantly lower than that of conventional seedlings during fruit period. The virus-free seedlings on conventional ridge cultivation mode had higher seedling efficiency than the elevated cultivation mode.

关 键 词：草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch) 脱毒苗 常规苗 生长势 栽培模式 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]