夏季竹类植物冠层结构对其土壤温度的调节作用  

Effects of Canopy Structural Characteristics on Soil Temperature of Bamboo Community in Summer

作　　者：吴仁武[1,2] 晏海 南歆格[1] 史琰 包志毅[1] WU Renwu;YAN Hai;NAN Xinge;SHI Yan;BAO Zhiyi

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,杭州311300 [2]浙江农林大学园林设计院有限公司园林三所

出　　处：《中国园林》2020年第3期134-138,共5页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于局地气候区分类的城市热环境时空变化特征及其主要景观驱动因子研究”(编号51508515);浙江省自然科学基金项目“基于水-能源-碳关联的城市绿地碳固存调控机制研究”(编号LY19C160007);浙江省科技计划项目“乡村生态景观营造技术研发—浙江省乡村生态景观营造技术研发与推广示范”(编号2019C02023)共同资助。

摘　　要：植被是影响城市环境中土壤温度降低的主要因素之一,研究植物群落冠层结构与土壤温度变化特征的关系对探索城市风景园林小气候营造、减少城市绿地碳排放和缓解热岛效应具有积极作用。以杭州9种常见竹类植物作为研究对象,分析了不同竹类植物群落土壤温度的日变化特征,调查了竹类植物群落结构特征对土壤温度的影响。结果显示,不同竹类植物群落与对照点相比,其空气温度与土壤温度均存在显著差异。与对照点相比,竹类植物群落日均气温降低1.5~2.6℃,5cm深度土壤温度降低3.0~3.8℃,10cm深度土壤温度降低2.4~3.4℃,20cm深度土壤温度降低2.3~3.0℃。通过对土壤温度与冠层结构特征指标的相关分析发现,冠层结构特征对土壤温度变化具有重要的影响。增加叶面积指数和冠层盖度可以显著降低土壤温度,而增加天空可视因子可以显著增加土壤温度。研究结果可以为风景园林规划设计中选择合适的竹类植物提供参考,进而有助于改善城市环境,实现城市可持续发展。Vegetation is one of the main factors affecting soil temperature reduction in urban environments. The study on the effects of canopy structural characteristics on soil temperature of bamboo community plays a positive role in exploring the creation of urban landscape microclimate, reducing the carbon emission of urban green space and mitigating the heat island effect. Here, the authors investigated the temporal variations of soil temperature in 9 bamboo plant communities in Hangzhou, and their relationships with the canopy structural characteristics of bamboo plant communities. The results indicated that significant differences in air temperature and soil temperature occurred between the bamboo plant communities and the control site. Compared with the control site, the bamboo plant communities could reduce the daily air temperature by 1.5~2.6℃, reduce the soil temperature at a 5 cm depth by 3.0~3.8℃, reduce the soil temperature at a 10 cm depth by 2.4~3.4℃, and reduce the soil temperature at a 20 cm depth by 2.3~3.0℃. The results of correlation analyses between soil temperature and the indices of canopy structural characteristics showed that variations in soil temperature depend strongly on the canopy characteristics. Increasing the leaf area index and canopy coverage could significantly reduce the soil temperature, while increasing the sky view factor could significantly increase the soil temperature. The intent of this work is to provide reference for making appropriate choices of bamboo plant species used for landscape design, and in turn, to help improving the urban climate, and to achieve sustainable urban development.

关 键 词：园林植物 城市环境 竹类植物群落 降温效果 土壤温度 群落结构 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]