淹没空化水射流倒空钝黑铝炸药实验研究  

Experimental Study of Emptying A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ Explosive Using Submerged Cavitation Water Jet

作　　者：张幺玄[1] 廉鹏[1] 康超[1] 陈松[1] 雷靖华 罗志龙[1] 李萌[1] 陈厚和[3] ZHANG Yao xuan;LIAN Peng;KANG Chao;CHEN Song;LEI Jing hua;LUO Zhi long;LI Meng;CHEN Hou he(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China;China Ordnance Industry Institute of Experiment and Test,Huayin 714200,China;Chemical Engineering Institute,Nanjing University of Science&Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [2]中国兵器工业试验测试研究院,陕西华阴714200 [3]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《含能材料》2020年第4期358-364,共7页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：总装预研共用技术项目(4140404XXX)。

摘　　要：为了探索淹没空化水射流倒空弹药装药的作用过程和安全性,以钝黑铝炸药为实验对象,开展了淹没空化水射流倒空弹药装药实验研究。采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置,获得钝黑铝应力应变力学性能;搭建空化水射流倒空实验装置,考察空化水射流对钝黑铝的冲击破碎效果和作用机理;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征破碎颗粒形貌,获得空化水射流对钝黑铝细观破碎模式;搭建热电偶测温装置测量空化水射流冲击过程中钝黑铝内部温度变化,并结合钝黑铝差示扫描量热(DSC)测试结果,探讨实验过程的安全性。结果表明,钝黑铝应力应变曲线包括脆弹性阶段、非线性弹塑性阶段和应变软化阶段3个阶段,并且动态加载下的损伤具有应变率效应;空化水射流能够在15min内干净倒空钝黑铝炸药,收集得到的破碎颗粒最大粒径不超过3cm;钝黑铝的破坏主要是由空泡溃灭时产生微射流和冲击波的强大冲击作用所致,其细观破碎模式主要是晶体与黏结剂和铝粉之间的沿晶分离,并伴随少量的穿晶现象,没有发现晶粒破碎的现象;空化水射流倒空钝黑铝炸药是安全的,最高温度约达50℃,小于规定的热起爆温度(160℃),不易引发钝黑铝爆炸。To explore the process and safety of emptying ammunition charge by submerged cavitation water jet,relative experimental research was carried out with A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ explosive as the experimental object. The split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)device was applied to obtain stress-strain mechanical properties of A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ. The emptying experimental system was set up to investigate the impact crushing effect and mechanism of cavitation water jet on A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ. Scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to characterize the morphology of broken particles and gain the mesoscopic breakup mode of A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ. The internal temperature of A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ during the impact process of cavitation water jet was measured with a self-designed thermocouple temperature measurement device,and the experimental safety was discussed by combining the results of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)of A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ. The results show that stress-strain curves of A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ include three stages:brittle-elastic stage,nonlinear elastoplastic stage and strain softening stage,and the damage under dynamic loading shows strain rate effect. It is greatly available to use cavi-tation water jet to empty A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ explosive in fifteen minutes and the maximum particle size of the collected A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ explosive is no more than 3 cm. The damage of A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ is mainly caused by the strong impact of micro-jet and shock wave when the cavitation bubble collapses. The mesoscopic breakup mode is mainly the intercrystalline separation of crystals from binder and aluminum powder,accompanied by a small amount of transgranular phenomenon,and no crystal breakup is found. It is safe to empty A-Ⅸ-Ⅱ explosive by using submerged cavitation water jet as the highest temperature in the experiment is 50 ℃,which is lower than the temperature required for thermal initiation(160 ℃).

关 键 词：钝黑铝炸药 淹没空化水射流 破碎模式 安全性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]