大柴旦盐湖表层底泥重金属污染及其风险性评价  

Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment for Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Da Qaidam Salt Lake

作　　者：高春亮[1,2] 余俊清 闵秀云[1] 王德荣 成艾颖[1,2] 张丽莎[1,2] GAO Chun-liang;YU Jun-qing;MIN Xiu-yun;WANG De-rong;CHENG Ai-ying;ZHANG Li-sha(Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lake,Xining,810008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2020年第1期96-104,共9页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501052,U1407206,41471013);青海省自然科学基金项目(2016-ZJ-736)。

摘　　要：通过对大柴旦湖区东南部表层底泥中的重金属(Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Co、Ni和Mn)研究分析,揭示出湖区不同地带的重金属污染物在空间分布上呈现不均匀特征。基于富集因子法(EF)、地质积累指数法(I geo)以及潜在生态风险指数法(RI)对大柴旦盐湖底泥中的重金属污染程度进行了量化评定。研究结果表明,大柴旦湖区东南部表层底泥中的重金属元素的平均富集程度依次为EF(As)>EF(Mn)>EF(Cu)>EF(Zn)>EF(Pb)>EF(Cr)>EF(Ni)>EF(Co);表层底泥中重金属污染主要以砷为主,为湖区生态风险指数增高的主要因子。综合来看,大柴旦湖区东南部表层底泥中的重金属污染程度整体上处于轻微状态,但随着周边地区人类活动的加剧,人为非自然排放将成为大柴旦湖区表层底泥中重金属的主要物质来源,需要加以重视。The paper focused on heavy metal concentrations(Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,Co,Ni,and Mn)from surface sediments in the southeastern Da Qaidam Salt Lake.Based on the pressed powder pellet method and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis,as well as three quantitative assessment methods such as the enrichment factors(EF),geoaccumulation index(I geo),and the potential ecological risk index(RI),the possible sources and pollution level of heavy metals were studied.The results showed that spatial distributions of heavy metal concentration were indicative of nonuniform characteristics in different zones of Da Qaidam Salt Lake,the average enrichment level of heavy metals from sediments followed the order:EF(As)>EF(Mn)>EF(Cu)>EF(Zn)>EF(Pb)>EF(Cr)>EF(Ni)>EF(Co),and the main heavy metal pollution was arsenic pollution.In general,the status of heavy metal pollution in Da Qaidam Salt Lake was not strong,but anthropogenic emissions would become the main sources of heavy metal from surface sediments in Da Qaidam Salt Lake along with the frequent and strong human activities in surrounding region.

关 键 词：大柴旦盐湖 表层底泥 重金属污染 富集因子法 地质积累指数 潜在生态风险指数 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学] X524[天文地球—地球物理学]