煤粉工业锅炉技术发展及应用  

Development and application of the technology of pulverized coal industrial boiler

作　　者：周建明 崔豫泓 贾楠 崔名双 张斌 王彩虹 ZHOU Jianming;CUI Yuhong;JIA Nan;CUI Mingshuang;ZHANG Bin;WANG Caihong(China Coal Research Institute Company of Energy Conservation,Beijing 100013,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization,Beijing 100013,China;National Energy Technology&Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]煤科院节能技术有限公司,北京100013 [2]煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京100013 [3]国家能源煤炭高效利用与节能减排技术装备重点实验室,北京100013

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2020年第1期41-51,共11页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAA01B01)。

摘　　要：中国煤粉工业锅炉借鉴油气锅炉和德国煤粉工业锅炉技术理念,经历立项研发、中试验证和工业示范,系统技术逐步成熟,自2010年起,实现规模化工业应用。煤粉工业锅炉系统具有高热效率、低烟气污染物排放等优点,有效带动了燃煤工业锅炉产业发展。笔者论述了煤粉工业锅炉技术与发展,重点介绍了煤粉工业锅炉的关键技术,并对主要技术进行对比,分析了煤粉工业锅炉的工业应用情况,最后提出了煤粉工业锅炉技术发展方向。煤粉工业锅炉系统由燃料煤粉生产、储供、油气点火、燃烧、锅炉本体、烟气净化以及自动化控制等系统构成。锅炉热效率大于91%,烟气污染物达到国家超低排放标准,系统技术符合国家煤炭清洁利用方向。燃料煤粉生产采用一步法工艺,通过强化流动性和安全措施,现可实现最大为1 000 m^3安全存储量。锅炉供粉采用气动活化、无脉动给料及高速引射流浓相输送技术,已实现输送阻力低于20 kPa,粉风固气比大于2.5 kg/m^3,供料精度在±3.0%以内,最大供料量为5 t/h的浓相供料技术与装备,广泛应用于锅炉供料系统。供料量在2.5 t/h,供料精度在±2.0%和±1.0%以内的第三代和第四代供料器也分别开展了工业验证和样机的试制工作,并取得了阶段性的成果。煤粉燃烧器采用逆喷式回流式结构,设计工作依据其结构特征,通过模拟气流扩展角、回流区域范围、回流量、旋流强度以及温度和速度场等研究开展,再经过实际工程应用,进一步验证优化设计参数,最终实现燃烧器的逐级放大。天然气/煤粉双燃料燃烧器具有便捷切换和快速着火功能。风冷燃烧器采用内外双级旋流供风燃烧技术,具有点火迅速、燃烧稳定、燃烧效率高和初始NOx排放低等优点。随着煤粉锅炉系统测控技术向智能化、网络化和集成化方向发展。锅炉烟气脱硫除尘采用NGD高倍率灰钙In China,pulverized coal industrial boiler has drawed lessons from the technical concepts of oil-gas boilers and German pulverized coal industrial boilers,which experiences project development,pilot test certificate and industrial demonstration.The system technology is gradually maturing.Since 2010,large-scale industrial application has been achieved.The coal-fired industrial boiler system has the advantages of high thermal efficiency and low emission of flue gas pollutants,which effectively promotes the development of coal-fired industrial boiler industry. In this paper,the technology and development of coal-fired industrial boiler were discussed,the key technologies of coal-fired industrial boiler were mainly introduced,the main technologies were compared,and the industrial application of coal-fired industrial boiler was analyzed,and finally the development direction of coal-fired industrial boiler technology was put forward.The results show that the technical system of pulverized coal industrial boiler consists of pulverized coal production,storage and supply,oil and gas ignition,combustion,boiler body,flue gas purification and automatic control system. The boiler thermal efficiency is more than 91 %,the flue gas pollutants meet the national ultra-low emission standard,and the system technology is more in line with the national coal clean utilization direction.The one-step process is adopted in the production of pulverized coal. The safe storage technology can achieve a storage capacity of 1 000 m^3 by strengthening the fluidity and safety protection measures of pulverized coal.The technology of pneumatic activation,pulse less feeding and high-speed jet dense phase conveying is adopted for feeding.The conveying resistance is less than 20 k Pa,the powder-air-solid ratio is more than 2.5 kg/m^3,the feeding accuracy is less than ±3.0 %,and the maximum feeding amount is 5 t/h.The dense phase feeding technology and equipment are widely used in the boiler feeding system.The feeding amount 2.5 t/h third-generation a

关 键 词：煤粉工业锅炉 煤粉燃烧器 天然气/煤粉燃烧器 烟气净化 半焦 生物质 

分 类 号：TK223[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]