甘蓝型油菜千粒重与农艺及品质性状的相关性  

Correlations Between 1000-seed Weight and Traits of Agronomy and Quality in Brassica napus

作　　者：赵继献[1] 向阳[1] 戴祥来 任廷波 胡权 程国平[1] ZHAO Jixian;XIANG Yang;DAI Xianglai;REN Tingbo;HU Quan;CHENG Guoping(Rapeseed Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550008,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院油菜研究所,贵州贵阳550008

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2020年第3期45-49,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题“油菜优异种质资源精准鉴定与创新利用”(2016YFD0100202);贵州省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“油菜产业技术体系建设”(GZCYTX2013-0802);贵州省农业科学院自主创新科研专项“高产优质高效油菜分子标记育种技术研究与新种质创新”[黔农科院自主创新科研专项字(2014)014];贵州省科技计划项目“高油酸甘蓝型油菜种质创新及利用”[黔科合支撑(2016)2556];贵州省科技计划项目“甘蓝型油菜千粒重遗传机制研究及大籽粒种质创制与应用”[黔科合支撑(2020)1Y106]。

摘　　要：为大籽粒高产优质油菜品种的选育提供理论依据,以649份甘蓝型杂交油菜组合和813份甘蓝型常规油菜品系为材料,调查试验材料的植株农艺性状表现,分析千粒重与植株农艺性状及品质性状的相关性。结果表明:甘蓝型油菜的角果长度随千粒重增加呈极显著增加趋势,但一次分枝数、单株角果数均极显著减少;甘蓝型常规油菜品系的千粒重与单株产量、收获系数呈极显著正相关,但杂交油菜组合的千粒重与单株产量、收获系数的相关性极小;与千粒重<5 g的相比,千粒重≥5 g的甘蓝型油菜株高、有效分枝位、一次分枝数、单株角果数及角粒数等性状呈明显减小趋势,而角果长度增大。千粒重与含油率、油酸呈极显著正相关,但与硫苷、亚油酸、亚麻酸均呈极显著负相关,与蛋白质含量的相关性不显著。甘蓝型油菜育种需协调改良千粒重、角果数和角粒数等多个产量构成因子,才能有效提高油菜品种的单产水平;千粒重的提高对油脂和油酸含量无不利影响。The correlations between 1000-seed weight and traits of agronomy and quality in Brassica napus are analyzed by surveying plant agronomic traits of 649 B.napus hybrid combinations and 813 conventional B.napus lines to provide the theoretical basis for breeding of B.napus variety with large seed,high yield and good quality.Result:The pod length of B.napus increases but the first branch number and pod number per plant decrease with increase of 1000-seed weight very significantly.The 1000-seed weight of conventional lines is positively related to yield per plant and harvesting coefficient very significantly but the 1000-seed weight of hybrid combinations is slightly related to yield per plant and harvesting coefficient.The height,effective branch position,first branch number,pod number per plant and seed number per pod of B.napus combinations with≥5 g 1000-seed weight shows a decreasing trend but the pod length increases compared with B.napus with<5 g 1000-seed weight.The 1000-seed weight is positively related to oil and oleic acid content very significantly but negatively and very significantly related to glucosinolates,linoleic acid and linolenic acid content.There is no obvious correlation between 1000-seed weight and protein content.The per unit yield of B.napus varieties can be effectively increased by improving several yield components of 1000-seed weight,pod number per plant and seed number per pod in breeding practice.The improvement of 1000-seed weight has no adverse influence on oil and oleic acid content in B.napus.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 杂交组合 常规品系 千粒重 农艺性状 品质性状 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]