秦巴山区毒蘑菇资源调查  

Investigation on Poisonous Mushroom Resources in Qinba Mountain

作　　者：张黎光[1] 祁鹏[1] 戴璐[1] 霍文严 乔婷 李峻志[1] ZHANG Liguang;QI Peng;DAI Lu;HUO Wenyan;QIAO Ting;LI Junzhi(Fungi Research Center,Shaanxi Microbiology Institute,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省微生物研究所真菌研究中心,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2020年第3期69-81,共13页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“秦巴山、吕梁山主要经济作物提质增效技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD1001000);陕西省重点研发计划项目“秦巴山区主要食用菌农法生产优良菌种选育和推广”(2017ZDCXL-NY-01-01);陕西省重点研发计划项目“秦巴山区天麻高效栽培技术研究与示范”(2019FP-029);陕西省科学院重大科技平台建设专项“食药用菌技术试验示范平台建设及产业化开发”(2018nk-02)。

摘　　要：为秦巴山区毒蘑菇中毒预防及抗癌活性物质的资源开发利用提供科学参考,对秦巴山区毒蘑菇资源开展了系统的野外调查和采集,对其毒性进行考证,并列举已报道的毒素成分及中毒类型。结果表明:秦巴山区毒蘑菇共124种,分别隶属于2门3纲6亚纲9目32科60属,其中担子菌门115种,子囊菌门9种;毒蘑菇毒素成分包括鹅膏毒肽、鬼笔毒肽、毒伞肽、毒蝇碱、异噁唑衍生物、色胺类化合物、胃肠道反应毒素、鬼伞素、鹿花菌素和卟啉类毒素等;中毒类型分别为肝肾损伤型、胃肠炎型、神经精神型、呼吸循环衰竭型、溶血型、多脏器损伤型和光过敏性皮炎型。The toxicity of the investigated and collected poisonous mushroom resources in Qinba Mountain is verified and the reported poisonousness components and poisoning types are listed to provide the scientific basis for poisoning prevention and anticancer active substance development of poisonous mushroom resources in Qinba Mountain.Result:There are 124 species,60 genera,32 families,9 orders,6 subclasses,3 classes and 2 phyla in poisonous mushroom resources.115 species and 9 species belong to Basidiomycota and Ascomycota respectively.The poisonousness components of poisonous mushroom resources include amatoxin,phallotoxins,virotoxins,muscarine,isoxazole derivatives,tryptamines,gastrointestinal reaction toxin,coprine,gyromytrin and porphyrin.The poisoning types include liver and kidney damage,gastroenteritis,neuropsychiatric,respiratory circulation failure,hemolysis,multiple organ damage and hypericism.

关 键 词：毒蘑菇 毒素 资源 秦巴山区 陕西 

分 类 号：S567.3[农业科学—中草药栽培]