民法现代化进程中的私法自治及其限制  

The Autonomy of Private Law and Its Limitation in the Development of Civil Law Modernization

作　　者：周华[1] ZHOU Hua(Research Institute of Law,Fujian Academy of Social Sciences,Fuzhou 350001,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建社会科学院法学研究所,福建福州350001

出　　处：《学术探索》2020年第4期87-93,共7页Academic Exploration

摘　　要：当前我国民法正处于现代化进程中,私法自治作为民法的基本原则在此呈现出扩展与限制的双重趋势。2017年《民法总则》的制定是我国民法现代化的重要成果,其采取了私法自治原则的明文单列模式,且在民事主体、民事权利、民事法律行为、代理及民事责任各章中得以充分体现。国家对私法自治予以限制已成为民法现代化发展的共识,其可区分为基于社会公共利益维护的纯粹限制性干预、实质公平正义指引下的保护性干预以及混合兼有者。对于私法传统缺乏和市民社会基础薄弱的我国而言,民法典的首要任务是对私法自治的重申与扩展,以充分确认和保护民事主体的自治空间,至于民法社会化趋势下的私法自治之具体限制则应留待民事单行法予以明确。如此民事基本法与单行法相结合,从民事法律体系角度呈现私法自治为主、公权管制为辅的状态。At present,China s civil law is in the process of modernization.As the basic principle of civil law,the autonomy of private law shows a double trend of expansion and restriction.The formulation of General Rules of the Civil Law in 2017 is an important achievement of civil law modernization in China.It adopts the clear text single column mode on the autonomy of private law,which is fully embodied in the chapters of civil subject,civil rights,civil legal acts,agency and civil liability.The state s restriction to the autonomy of private law has become the consensus of civil law modernization.It can be divided into pure restrictive intervention based on the maintenance of social public interests,and protective intervention under the guidance of substantive justice and mixed intervention.For the lack of private law tradition and the weak foundation of civil society in China,the primary task of the Civil Code should be to reaffirm and expand the autonomy of private law to fully confirm and protect the autonomy space of civil subjects.As for the specific restrictions to the autonomy of private law under the trend of civil socialization,it should be left to the civil separate law to be clear.With such a combination of civil basic law and separate law,we will see a state of autonomy of private law as the main and public power control as the auxiliary from the perspective of civil legal system.

关 键 词：民法现代化 民法总则 民法典 私法自治 国家管制 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]