基于铜催化叠氮-炔环加成反应的聚氨酯功能化  

Functionalization of Polyurethane Based on Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction

作　　者：章强 黄文峻 王延斌 李兴建 张宜恒[2] Qiang Zhang;Wenjun Huang;Yanbin Wang;Xingjian Li;Yiheng Zhang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Linyi University,Linyi 276000,China;School of Chemical and Molecular Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学材料科学与工程学院,临沂276000 [2]青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院,青岛266042

出　　处：《化学进展》2020年第2期147-161,共15页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21176128,51172116)资助。

摘　　要：聚氨酯(PU)作为一种重要的工业材料,具有诸多独特优异的性能,这使得PU材料在众多领域内具有极其广泛的应用。由于PU骨架上缺乏进一步修饰的功能基团,限制了PU材料的高附加值化,在高科技领域广泛应用受到阻碍。因此,PU的改性和功能化是学术界和工业界热门的课题之一。当前PU材料的改性和功能化方法较多,其中,叠氮化物与末端炔在铜(Ⅰ)催化下生成反式1,2,3-三唑化合物的Huisgen 1,3-偶极环加成(CuAAC)反应具有操作简单方便和灵活高效的特点,是点击化学反应的精髓,在PU材料的功能化改性研究中占有独特而重要的地位。本文简要介绍了基于CuAAC反应PU材料功能化改性的设计思路,重点综述了基于CuAAC反应,PU材料的生物相容性、疏水性、荧光性、抗菌性、阻燃性、形状记忆效应、机械性能和热稳定性的功能化改性研究和应用,最后总结了CuAAC反应在改性PU上存在的主要问题,并对其研究方向进行了展望。As an important industrial material,polyurethane(PU)has many unique and excellent properties,which makes PU materials possess a wide range of applications in many fields.Due to the lack of further modified functional groups on the PU backbone,the high value-addition of PU materials is limited,and its widespread application in high-tech fields is hindered.Therefore,the modification and functionalization of PU is one of the hot topics in academia and industry.At present,there are many methods for modification and functionalization of PU materials.Among them,the Cu(Ⅰ)catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition(CuAAC)between an azide and an alkyne compound forming trans 1,2,3-triazole compounds,which is the essence of click chemistry reaction,has the characteristics of simple operation,flexibility and high efficiency.It plays a unique and important role in the functional modification research of PU materials.This paper briefly introduces the design idea of functional modification of PU materials based on CuAAC reaction.The functional modification research and application of biocompatibility,hydrophobicity,fluorescence,antibacteria,flame retardancy,shape memory effect,mechanical properties and thermal stability of PU materials based on CuAAC reaction are highlighted.Finally,the main problems of the modified PU via CuAAC reaction are summarized,and the research direction is prospected.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 点击化学 铜(Ⅰ)催化叠氮-炔环加成反应 功能化 

分 类 号：O621.25[理学—有机化学] TQ323.8[理学—化学]