农药对捕食性天敌的影响研究进展  

Progress on the effects of pesticides on the predatory natural enemies

作　　者：杨慧 蒋皓天 何恒果[1] YANG Hui;JIANG Haotian;HE Hengguo(College of Life Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637009,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2020年第1期1-7,共7页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点项目(17ZA0388);西华师范大学英才基金项目(17YC327)。

摘　　要：捕食性天敌在害虫的自然控制方面起着重要作用。当害虫大发生时,需使用化学农药来进行有效控害,但化学农药会对捕食性天敌的生存造成影响。因此,了解农药对捕食性天敌的影响有利于协调化学防治和生物防治的关系。大部分农药对捕食性天敌的生长发育和繁殖表现为抑制作用,但有的为促进作用。在农药的干扰下,多数捕食性天敌的信息识别能力会降低,少部分会通过提高雄虫接收性信息素的能力或增加雌虫性信息素的释放来诱导求偶行为、增加交配频率。有的杀虫剂会影响捕食性天敌的捕食行为及捕食功能,部分杀虫剂会直接使其捕食功能模型由Holling-Ⅱ型转变为Holling-Ⅰ型。在农药胁迫下,捕食性天敌会产生抗药性,其解毒酶活性升高、保护酶活性改变及靶标部位敏感性下降可能是抗药性产生的机理。农药对捕食性天敌的影响研究在协调害虫化学防治和生物防治中有着重要的理论和现实意义,可以有效地推进捕食性天敌在害虫综合治理中的应用。Predatory natural enemies play an important role in the natural control of pests.When pests occur,chemical pesticides are needed for effective control,but they may affect the survival of predatory natural enemies.Therefore,understanding the effects of pesticides on predatory natural enemies is needed to better coordinate the use of chemical and biological controls.Most pesticides inhibit the growth and reproduction of predatory natural enemies,but some promote them.Prey detection capacibility of most predators is reduced when exposed to pesticides.Some pesticides affect the predation behavior and predation function of predatory natural enemies.Some pesticides directly convert predation function model from Holling-Ⅱto Holling-Ⅰ.Under pesticide stress,predatory natural enemies develop pesticide resistance,by increasing detoxification enzyme activity or decreasing target site sensitivity.The research on the effects of pesticides on predatory natural enemies has both theoretical and practical significance for the combined use of chemical and biological control in integrated pest management(IPM).

关 键 词：捕食性天敌 农药 生长发育 解毒酶 性信息素通讯系统 抗药性 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]