氮磷汇入驱动下的河流轮虫群落演替  

Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs affect rotifer communities in rivers

作　　者：陈星宇 刘雨泽 郭逍宇[1] 熊薇[2] CHEN Xingyu;LIU Yuze;GUO Xiaoyu;XIONG Wei(Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Beijing No.14 High School,Beijing,100053,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学,北京100048 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]北京市第十四中学,北京100053

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2020年第1期51-58,共8页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31800307)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析污染条件下河流生物区系的演替过程及机制,可以为生物多样性减少提供诊断,为生物多样性保护和水生生态系统的生态安全提供科学支撑。【方法】以对污染具有指示作用的轮虫类群为研究对象,选择覆盖京津冀地区的、受到人类活动干扰的北三河水系为研究区域,分别对该区域富营养化相关水质参数和轮虫群落组成进行分析,在解析污染物排放导致的河流水体水质差异和轮虫群落组成差异的基础上,阐明导致轮虫群落演替的关键污染因子。【结果】水体水质指标的分析结果表明,西部河流与东部诸河具有明显不同的环境条件,其氮、磷指标(包括总氮、溶解性总氮、总磷、溶解性总磷及活性磷)浓度显著增加。轮虫群落的分析结果表明,与东部诸河相比,西部河流的物种数目、生物个体数、物种丰度及香农威纳指数均显著降低,且群落组成显著差异。群落-环境相关分析显示,总氮、溶解性总氮、总磷、溶解性总磷、活性磷以及氨氮是导致群落显著差异的关键环境因子。【结论】北三河水系西部河流的氮、磷含量显著高于东北部河流;在环境条件改变的前提下,北三河水系西部河流比东部河流物种丰度、生物量均显著减少,同时群落组成也显著改变,高耐污型物种出现。氮、磷元素的输入是导致轮虫群落演替的关键环境因子。【Aim】Analyzing succession processes and mechanisms of river biota stressed by pollution can help understand biodiversity loss,develop conservation plans,and promote safe management of aquatic ecosystems.【Method】The present study investigated causes and consequences of nutrient-related environmental variables on the variation of rotifer communities in the Beisanhe drainage in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,which was typically polluted by various anthropogenic activities.Rotifer communities were chosen as analytical target taxa in rivers,because they were sensitive indicator of water pollution.After analyzing the variation of rotifer communities and related environmental conditions,we illustrated critical environmental determinants affecting rotifer communities.【Result】Water was highly polluted in west part(H group)of the Beisanhe drainage,with sampling sites having higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus(total and dissolved)than those in east part(L group).In addition,compared to communities in L group,species richness,the number of individuals,and Shannon-Wiener index were significantly lower in H group.Community composition between H and L groups significantly differed.Moreover,analyses on community-environmental interactions showed that the variation among communities was significantly related to the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,dissolved total phosphorus,soluble reactive phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen.【Conclusion】Water quality and rotifer communities between H and L groups were significantly affected by nitrogen and phosphorus inputs in the Beisanhe drainage.

关 键 词：轮虫 水体污染 群落演替 生物多样性 富营养化 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q958[生物学—动物学]