四川省医用辐射危害评价与控制技术的研究结果  

The Research on Evaluation and Control Technology of Medical Radiation Hazards in Sichuan Province

作　　者：马桥[1,2] 文湘闽 刘德明[1,2] 刘明哲 刘冉[1,2] 贺良国 Ma Qiao;Wen Xiangmin;Liu Deming;Liu Mingzhe;Liu Ran;He Liangguo(Institute of Occupational Health and Radiological Health,Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu Sichuan 610041,China;The Center for Radiological Technology Service Quality Control of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Sichuan 610041,China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Techniques in Geosciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu Sichuan 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心职业与辐射卫生所,四川成都610041 [2]四川省放射卫生技术服务质量控制中心,四川成都610041 [3]成都理工大学地学核技术四川省重点实验室,四川成都610059

出　　处：《医疗装备》2020年第7期3-5,共3页Medical Equipment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U19A2086、1274109);四川省科技计划(2019YFS0435);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2012SZ0179);四川省卫生健康委员会重点科研课题(16PJ398)。

摘　　要：目的通过对放射诊断患者剂量水平、放射治疗输出剂量和调强放射治疗(IMRT)小野输出因子等医用辐射危害关键因素进行研究,实现辐射危害的风险评估。方法在10个市30余家医院按设备类型、体位等因素抽样1510例放射诊断患者剂量调查,采用TLD粉末剂量计、指形电离室及测量支架对5条放射治疗光子线束进行剂量核查,并采用TW31014型0.015 cc针尖电离室测量7台医用电子加速器IMRT小野输出因子。结果X线诊断患者剂量调查结果为0.48~9.15 mGy,CT患者剂量调查结果剂量长度乘积(DLP)为252~676 mGy·cm;5条光子线束放射治疗输出剂量与TPS值的相对偏差为1.3%~6.3%,均在±7.0%以内,符合相关标准要求;IMRT小野输出因子TPS计算值与剂量仪测量值偏差为-1.6%~0.9%,符合标准要求。结论本研究总结了医用辐射危害评价与控制技术的关键问题,为制定医用辐射安全监测相关标准、及时发现放射诊疗过程中存在的安全问题并预警、避免发生过量照射和医用辐射事故、降低公众剂量负担、实现医用辐射危害的风险评估提供重要依据。Objective To realize risk assessment and study radiation risk factors such as dose level of radiological diagnosis,output dose of radiation therapy,small field factors of IMRT.Methods A total of 1510 cases were detected according to the type of equipment and body position in 30 hospitals of 10 cities.The dose of radiotherapy for 5 photon beam lines were verified by using TLDs and finger chamber.The small field factors of IMRT for 7 medical electron accelerators were measured by 0.015cc chamber.Results The results of X-ray diagnosis were 0.48 to 9.15 mGy,and the DLP of CT diagnosis was 252 to 676 mGy·cm.The relative deviation between the output dose verification results of 5 beams and TPS values was 1.3%to 6.3%.The deviation between TPS calculated value and dosimeter measured value of IMRT Output Factor was-1.6%to 0.9%.Conclusions Through research for dose level of the patients,output dose of radiation therapy,small field factors of IMRT and the performance of the equipment,the evaluation and control technology of medical radiation hazards were summarized.They were very helpful for establishment of medical radiation safety monitoring standards,and the timely detection of the safety problems in the treatment process and early warning,and it was of great significance to avoid excessive radiation and medical radiation accidents,reduce the dose burden of residents and realize the risk assessment of medical radiation hazards.

关 键 词：辐射危害 放射卫生 检测 评价 质量控制 

分 类 号：R144.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]